Four: Bandmaster A. Barry, 67th Foot China 1857-60, 2 clasps, Taku Forts 1860, Pekin 1860 (Sergt. Andw. Barry. 67th. Regt.); Afghanistan 1878-80, no clasp (2892, Band Mr. A Barry, 6th. Foot.); Army L.S. & G.C., V.R., 3rd issue, small letter reverse (2892 Band Mr. Sergt. Andw. Barry, 67th. Foot.); Army Meritorious Service Medal, E.VII.R. (Bndmstr. A. Barry. 67/Foot.) contact marks ands edge bruising, especially to first, China nearly very fine, the rest better (4) £600-£800 --- Andrew Barry was born on 27 July 1832 and attested for the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot as Drummer Boy on 24 July 1846. He was promoted Corporal on 15 September 1858; Sergeant on 5 August 1859; and Bandmaster on 1 January 1864. He served with the Regiment in Gibraltar, the West Indies, Canada, India, China, Hong Kong, the Cape Colony, Burma, and Afghanistan, and was discharged on 29 June 1880, after 29 years and 338 days’ man’s service. He was awarded his Meritorious Service Medal, together with a gratuity of £10, in February 1907. Sold with copied record of service and other research, including a photographic image of the recipient.
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Three: Corporal H. Green, Military Mounted Police, late 20th Hussars Egypt and Sudan 1882-89, undated reverse, 2 clasps, Gemaizah 1888, Toski 1889 (2629. Pte. H. Green. 20th Hussars); Army L.S. & G.C., E.VII.R. (317 Corpl: H. Green. Mil: Mtd: Police.); Khedive’s Star, undated, unnamed as issued, mounted for display, light pitting from star, otherwise nearly very fine and better (3) £500-£700 --- Henry Green was born at Enfield, Middlesex, in 1865 and enlisted into the 20th Hussars at Bedford on 9 March 1886, aged 21, a farm labourer by trade. He embarked for Egypt on 2 December 1886, to take part in the Mahdist War in the Sudan. The Anglo-Egyptian Army moved to counter an attack in the Suakin region by the Mahdist General Osman Dinga in 1888. This attack was focused on a pair of British Forts at Gemaizah which were besieged and the decision was taken by General Grenfell to break this siege as soon as he was able. With the arrival of reinforcements from Cairo including a Squadron of the 20th Hussars, the attack commenced on 20 December 1888. During the battle an outflanking manoeuvre by the Mahdist cavalry was countered by the 20th Hussars and driven from the field. Notably this pursuit continued well beyond the order to cease fire. The next year Green again served under Grenfell's command as part of the British Squadron present at the battle of Toski. A Mahdist Army of six thousand men had advanced into Egypt and Grenfell led the Egyptian Army to meet it. The battle was a resounding victory for the Egyptians with the Mahdist Army utterly shattered and its commander killed. The only British troops present were a single squadron of the 20th Hussars who took part in the final decisive cavalry charge which broke the wavering enemy line. Green remained in Egypt transferring to the Military Mounted Police on 1 February 1891. Finally returning to England on 29 March 1896, he continued to serve, being promoted Corporal on 7 December 1898. He was awarded the L.S. & G.C. medal in 1904. On his discharge on 8 March 1907, his conduct and character were described as 'exemplary' and a ‘good groom’. He served a total of 21 years.
Three: Sergeant-Major H. Cross, Hampshire Regiment India General Service 1854-95, 2 clasps, Burma 1887-89, Burma 1885-7, clasps mounted in this order, as usual (382 Sergt. H. Cross. 2d. Bn. Hamps. R.); Army L.S. & G.C., E.VII.R. (382 Serjt:- Maj: H. Cross. Hampshire Regt.); Army Meritorious Service Medal, G.V.R., 1st issue (3/4895 S. Mjr. H. Cross. Hamps. R.) light contact marks, nearly very fine and better (3) £300-£400 --- M.S.M. London Gazette 22 March 1919: ‘In recognition of valuable services rendered in connection with the War.’ Henry Cross was born in Southampton in 1863 and attested for the Hampshire Regiment at Winchester on 2 August 1882, having previously served in the 3rd Militia Battalion. He served with the 2nd Battalion in India and Burma from 19 January 1886 to 7 February 1888, and was awarded his Long Service and Good Conduct Medal per Army Order 10 of 1903. He was discharged on 1 August 1907, after 25 years’ service. Following the outbreak of the Great War Cross re-enlisted in the Hampshire Regiment on 17 September 1914, and served throughout the War at the depot at home. For his services he was awarded an Immediate Meritorious Service Medal, and was discharged on 17 January 1919, after a further 4 years and 121 days’ service. Sold with copied research including various photographic images of the recipient.
Pair: Private A. W. Burgess, Hampshire Regiment, later Bengal-Nagpur Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps India General Service 1854-95, 2 clasps, Burma 1887-89, Burma 1885-7, clasps re-mounted in this order, as usual (840 Pte. A. W. Burgess 2d. Bn. Hamps. R.); Volunteer Force Long Service Medal (India & the Colonies), G.V.R. (Voltr A. W. Burgess 1st. Bl: Nagpur Ry. Voltr. Rifle Corps) good very fine (2) £180-£220 --- A. W. Burgess was awarded his Volunteer Force Long Service Medal per Indian Army Order 292 of June 1915.
Pair: Driver R. Prince, Royal Horse Artillery India General Service 1895-1902, 1 clasp, Punjab Frontier 1897-98 (36362 Driver R. Prince “F” By. R.H.A.); Army L.S. & G.C., E.VII.R. (36362 Dvr: R. Prince. R.H.A.) contact marks and minor edge bruising, nearly very fine (2) £140-£180 --- Richard Prince was born in Torquay, Devon, on 19 December 1859, and joined the Royal Navy as a Domestic First Class on 1 April 1878. He was shore discharged, time expired, on 24 October 1882, and attested for the Royal Horse Artillery at Portsmouth on 10 January 1883. He served with the Artillery in India from 8 September 1883 to 13 December 1893, and again from 17 September 1895 to 25 April 1903, and saw active service on the Punjab Frontier. He was awarded his Long Service and Good Conduct Medal per Army Order 10 of 1903, and was discharge on 31 July 1903, after 20 years and 203 days’ service, of which almost 18 years had been spent soldiering in India. Sold with copied record of service, medal roll extracts, and other research.
A collection of Ephemera including a boxed Imperial Service Medal relating to Anthony Griffiths Cains (Royal Navy) and Francis Henry Cains (Army) photographs and Certificates relating to both WWI and WWII, to include an Army certificate of service book and a Soldiers service and pay book also included a Coronation book (1937) presented to Anthony Griffiths Cains at school, and a Striptease card game.
A fine Flemish historical tapestry fragmentProbably mid 17th centuryThe main field depicting a dynamic battle scene, possibly The Battle of Samarra, with the figure of the Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate falling from his horse backwards as he is speared to his right side, blood flowing from his wound, the energetic scene with rearing horses and an abundance of soldiers adorned in eastern armour to the middle distance with their curved swords raised aloft in combat, the whole surrounded by an elaborate border on brown ground with fruiting floral swags and laurel leaves, the corners with semi-draped putti holding aloft the draping floral swags running to the top edge, 232cm high x 460cm wide (91 1/3in x 181 1/10in)Footnotes:It is possible that the present lot is depicting a specific battle scene - namely The Battle of Samarra which took place in June in the year 363AD. This can be considered the climax of the invasion of the Sasanian Empire by the Roman Emperor Julian (sometimes called Julian the Apostate). After failing to capture the city of Ctesiphon the Roman Emperor Julian, realizing his army was low on provisions, started to march towards Samarra. Here, the Sasanians attacked the Roman rearguard which quickly developed into a bloody and intense battle. The Emperor Julian rode back to the rearguard and, in his haste, did not put on a breastplate. It is worth noting that the figure to the foreground, who looks like he is the only soldier wearing Roman robes and light strapwork, is the only figure not wearing a breastplate or even a helmet. The other soldiers are brandishing curved 'Saracen-type' swords and have a distinctly Eastern look. Interestingly it is also worth noting that Julian died specifically by a spear to his right side and fell off his horse as he was fatally wounded just as the figure in the tapestry.Indeed, a tapestry like the present lot demonstrates how these small literary nuances and references elevated a tapestry from a generic gory battle scene to a moving and dynamic historical episode that only few would fully understand. It is likely that this was part of a larger series of tapestries showing episodes from the life of Julian the Apostate. This is the kind of subject matter that would have appealed to a noble family or even a minor royal. It is certainly a story that the powerful Hapsburg rulers would have been keen to promote and which would have undoubtedly struck fear into the heart of even the most loyal subject.Bibliography: Lenski, Noel (2002), Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D., University of California Press, pp. 69-70.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: TPTP Lot will be moved to an offsite storage location (Cadogan Tate, Auction House Services, 241 Acton Lane, London NW10 7NP, UK) and will only be available for collection from this location at the date stated in the catalogue. Please note transfer and storage charges will apply to any lots not collected after 14 calendar days from the auction date.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
BINDING - IRELAND, CIVIL AND MILITARY PAYMENTS'An Establishment or List Containing all the Payments to be made for Civill Affairs from the day of... One Thousand Sixhundred ninety', 60pp., written in dark brown ink in a neat clerical hand, ruled in red throughout, contemporary black goatskin, sides with ornate outer borders enclosing central panel with elaborate centre- and corner-pieces, acorn tools etc., gilt panelled spine with raised bands, g.e., 12mo, 1690 (2)Footnotes:These original volumes relate to Thomas, Lord Coningsby's service as joint-Receiver and Paymaster-General for King William's army during the campaign in Ireland in 1689-90. Coningsby remained thereafter as one of the Lords Justice of Ireland, and framed the Treaty of Limerick (1691).With thanks to Catherine Beale for her historical guidance and research on this Lot.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: •• Zero rated for VAT, no VAT will be added to the Hammer Price or the Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
BINDING - IRELAND, CIVIL AND MILITARY ACCOUNTS'An Establishment for Irleand. Commencing ye 24th June for Civil Affaires and 1st July for Military 1702', manuscript in ink, written in a neat secretarial hand, in 4 sections comprising 53pp., 32pp., 18pp. and 6pp. respectively, ruled in red throughout, first 2 sections written vertically, general title-page in pen and wash with fine armorial border, bound in elaborate contemporary dark blue morocco gilt, sides with outer border of repeated acorn tools and large centre panel filled with tulip and other floral decoration, and a large centrepiece with larger acorn tools at corners, gilt panelled spine with acorn and other floral tools and raised bands, some wear to extremities and lower cover, small 8vo, 1702--'The Regulation of the weekly subsistance for ye forces in Ireland... William R.', 114pp. (a few blank), mostly written in a similar neat hand, ruled in red throughout, contemporary red panelled morocco gilt, gilt panelled spine, worn with 2 holes in upper cover, 1690 (2)Footnotes:The first is an attractive volume listing payments relating to Irish and West Indian affairs under the reign of Queen Ann, prepared under the direction of Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, the first two sections being headed 'Signed Ann R.' and several pages in the first three sections ending with 'By Her Majestie's Command Godolphin' or similar. The third section, written in a different hand, is headed 'Regulation of the Pay for the Three Regiments in the West Indies according to the Establishment./ Anne R...', and lists payments made 'out of ye revenue of Ireland'. The last section, again in another hand, lists 'An Estimate of the Yearly Change of Salaryes for Looking after ye Barracks.. [in Leinster, Ulster, Munster and Conaught]'.These original volumes relate to Thomas, Lord Coningsby's service as joint-Receiver and Paymaster-General for King William's army during the campaign in Ireland in 1689-90. Coningsby remained thereafter as one of the Lords Justice of Ireland, and framed the Treaty of Limerick (1691).With thanks to Catherine Beale for her historical guidance and research on this Lot.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: •• Zero rated for VAT, no VAT will be added to the Hammer Price or the Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
BINDING - IRELAND, CIVIL AND MILITARY ACCOUNTS'An Establishment of Payments to be made for Civill and Military Affairs in the Kingdom of Ireland. To Commence from the 25th and 31th [sic] of March 1704', 60pp., written in black ink in a neat clerical hand, ruled in red throughout, contemporary black goatskin, sides with double gilt filet border and central panel with corner- and side-pieces, gilt panelled spine with raised bands, with silver clasps and catch (one claps missing), g.e., lower cover slightly rubbed, 8vo, 1704Footnotes:These original volumes relate to Thomas, Lord Coningsby's service as joint-Receiver and Paymaster-General for King William's army during the campaign in Ireland in 1689-90. Coningsby remained thereafter as one of the Lords Justice of Ireland, and framed the Treaty of Limerick (1691).With thanks to Catherine Beale for her historical guidance and research on this lot.This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: •• Zero rated for VAT, no VAT will be added to the Hammer Price or the Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
BINDING - NAVAL & MILITARY'An Establishment of the Numbers of Men & of ye Numbers & Natures of the Guns Fitt to be Made & Confirmed upon Every of his Ma:ts Ships according to the Opinion of the Principall Officers & Com:rs of the Navy, Humbly Presented by them to ye Lords Com:rs for Executing ye Office of Lord High Admirall', 17pp., with tables detailing the navy's ships, their dimensions, numbers of men (either 'Abroad', 'At Home' or during 'Peace'), numbers and types of guns, weights of ordnance, and when, where and by whom the ships were built, [c.1680]; 'An Establishment of all our Guards Garrisons & Land Forces of this our Kingdome of England in our Pay & Enterteynment to Commence ye. 7.th of March 1673/4', providing a breakdown of the daily, monthly and annual payments and allowances to be made by the 'Paymaster Gennerall' to the officers, men and officials of the various army garrisons in the country, 26pp., [c.1676], 2 parts in 1 vol., manuscript in ink, written in a neat clerical hand, ruled in red, with two stiff erasable WRITING TABLES and other blank leaves at end, FINELY BOUND IN CONTEMPORARY BLACK MOROCCO GILT, possibly by William Cox, the sides richly tooled with floral and wavy line borders enclosing tulips and other floral tools together with elaborate central panel comprising 4 corner-pieces and centrepiece composed of interweaving drawer-handle tools, and incorporating 5 'ship' shapes (one at centre, 4 emanating from panel), gilt panelled spine with 6 floral pattern compartments, raised bands, turn-ins gilt, g.e., tall oblong 8vo (125 x 210mm.), [c.1676-1680]Footnotes:A FINE RESTORATION BINDING CONTAINING A VALUABLE RECORD OF NAVAL AND MILITARY FORCES. This attractive volume is divided into naval and land sections, and was presumably produced for an unnamed high-ranking official. The naval content would have proved invaluable to Samuel Pepys at a time of a great expansion in the number of ships. Having resigned as Secretary of the Admiralty in 1679, and survived his imprisonment in the Tower on trumped up charges of treason, Pepys was seeking to rebuild his reputation and re-establish himself in the Navy. Two years after the latest date found in the present volume (1682), he returned from an official voyage to Tangier and was appointed King's Secretary for the affairs of the Admiralty.The first ship listed in the volume is the famous Sovereign of the Seas, renamed Royal Sovereign by Charles II following her rebuild at Chatham in 1660 as a first-rate ship of the line. Here we find confirmation that she was built at Woolwich in 1637 by 'Capt. Pett'son' [Peter Pett, Master Shipwright, son of the King's Master Shipwright Captain Phineas Pett], and that she had 815 men and 100 guns when 'At home', 710 and 90 respectively when 'Abroad', and 605 and 90 when at 'Peace'.Pepys is known to have owned several fine bindings produced by the Naval Binder, to whose work our binding bears strong similarities, and this is possibly the work of a successor, also attached to the Admiralty (H.M. Nixon, English Restoration Bindings, 1974, p.37). The style also bears some similarities to a 1684 William Cox binding described and illustrated by Mirjam Foot in Studies in the History of Bookbinding (no 27, p.202-3).This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: •• Zero rated for VAT, no VAT will be added to the Hammer Price or the Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
BINDING - NAVAL & MILITARY GRANTS & ACCOUNTS'A Particular of ye Ayds Granted in Each yeare from the 5th November 1688 unto the... 16th day of April 1697. Also a Computation of what was Intended for the Army & an Exact Account of what was Granted for ye Navy... With... Receipts & Issues of the Publick Revenue, Taxes & Loans... Severall Estimates and Observations Relating to the War', manuscript in black ink, 60pp. plus 'Table of Contents', written in an attractive cursive hand, ruled in red, some blank leaves at each end, FINELY BOUND IN CONTEMPORARY RED MOROCCO, covers richly tooled with outer roll-tool border enclosing various floral tools and sprays emanating from urns, dots and 12 small deer tools around a large composite central panel in 8 sections filled with closely entwined leafy tendrils and small flower heads, spine gilt in 7 compartments with repeated floral tool and raised bands, turn-ins gilt, g.e., large 8vo, [c.1697]Footnotes:FINELY BOUND NAVAL AND MILITARY ACCOUNT BOOK.These original volumes relate to Thomas, Lord Coningsby's service as joint-Receiver and Paymaster-General for King William's army during the campaign in Ireland in 1689-90. Coningsby remained thereafter as one of the Lords Justice of Ireland, and framed the Treaty of Limerick (1691).With thanks to Catherine Beale for her historical guidance and research on this lot.For three similar red goatskin bindings with the same stag tool, see the British Library Database of Bookbindings, which includes two naval volumes by Josiah Burchett (shelf marks 195a4 and 195a8), and a 1693 work by Jeremy Taylor (Davis 79).This lot is subject to the following lot symbols: •• Zero rated for VAT, no VAT will be added to the Hammer Price or the Buyer's Premium.For further information on this lot please visit Bonhams.com
First World War medal set of Military Medal, 1914-15 Star, 1914-18 War Medal and Victory Medal to 11248 Pte H. Nettleton of the Royal Army Medical Corps where he was awarded his Military Medal, shortly after he volunteered to fight in the 4th Kings Royal Rifle Corps this being the reason his details on the edge of the Military Medal are for that Corps, It was presented to him by King George V himself. With a newspaper cutting from his obituary in the local paper giving further details of his life. With original congratulating paper certificate signed by Henry Rawlinson Commander of the Fourth Army dated 1919.
Scarce WW1 Tunic, Kit Bag and Pictures belonging to 1546 Henry Mantell of the ASC (Army Service Corps), with a picture postcard of his sweetheart Ivy J Bailey who was a ambulance driver working at the same transport depot with her collection of postcards of which the majority are collected by her as she moved across France.
A interesting mix of Military and Civil medals, includes WW1 German Imperial Army 1914 Iron Cross 2nd Class with ribbon, WW1 Romanian Bravery and Loyalty silver medal (early 1916-20 type), British Victory Medal to G-28572 PTE A. Yates of the Royal West Kent Regiment, a Royal Southampton Yacht Club medal (damaged edge), a silver gilt Masonic jewel in Original Case dated Dec 20th 1918, a B.A.S.C medal dated 1878 for picking up 47 pennies from the bottom of a pool in one go in what looks to be the original case with a set of aviation buttons and war time pamphlets.
Liverpool Scottish cameron highlands Glengarry, WW2 message’s to be read out to the men & women of the 21st Army group (Desert Rats) by Bernard Montgomery with other letters small amount of cap badges, commemorative gold plated coin in case commemorating Operation Overlord, a Phase wristwatch in Original Case, German 1970’s armoured side cap with other items.
Rare (possibly unique) British medal group to 5720 A/RSM A.W. Stapleton 1st Battalion North Staffordshire Regiment of DCM, Queens SA, Kings SA, 1914 Star with Rosette & Aug 22nd=Nov bar, 1914-18 War medal, Victory medal with Mentioned in Dispatches Oak leaf, Army Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (post 1917 ribbon) and Imperial Russia Medal of St George. Sadly it also comes with his Death Plaque (Killed in action 21st March 1918, buried at Pozieres Memorial). With research documents on his military history.
ORLANDO NORIE (BRITISH, 1832-1901) (2)Types of the Imperial French Army, circa 1860; Types of the Garde Imperialea pair, each signed 'O Norie' (lower right)watercoloureach 23 x 29cm(2)ProvenanceProperty from a deceased estateCondition reportAcidic mountsSome light foxing and a little pale brown staining/discolouration to pale/white areas to both.Under glass and unexamined out of frame.Not inspected under uv light.
ATTRIBUTED TO HENRY MARTENS (BRITISH, D. 1860)Attack on the French positions by the 6th division of the Duke of Wellington's Army - Battle of Toulouse, 10th April 1814 (from a sketch by Major Niven, 72nd Regiment)watercolour33 x 48.5cmProvenanceProperty from a deceased estateCondition reportSome very minor light spots/foxing in places.Otherwise appears in generally good condition and ready to hang.Under glass and not examined out of frame.Not examined under uv light.
A fine Victorian teak and gilt brass fitted campaign chest of drawers, by Army & Navy CSL, late 19th century,: in two sections; the rectangular top of the upper part with inset protective brass strengtheners and brackets at the corners and front centre; above two short drawers, the right one with inset ivorine maker's plaque, above a long drawer; the lower section with two further long drawers; on turned feet; 104cm high, 99cm wide, 46cm deep; complete with original painted and metal bound pine packing cases, each with twin panel doors, inscribed MAJOR H.Y.Beale 9th Regt., and Major Beale Norfolk Regt respectively; the packing cases themselves designed for use as cupboards when not housing the campaign chests, each with a removable shelf, the lower section with four turned feet; when stacked, the cases 123cm high, 106cm wide, 52cm deepBiography Commissioned in 1881 Beale served mostly in India and South Africa and was well decorated for his efforts. He retired in 1903 after command of the 3rd Battalion of the Norfolks, but was re-engaged for service at the outbreak of the Great War. He was promoted Lieutenant Colonel two years later, matching his late father Lieut Colonel H.G. Beale's rank, (India Staff Corps)
After William Ellam, an Elkington bronze study of Redvers Henry Buller: mounted, in army uniform with pith helmet, on a naturalistic rectangular base, signed W. Ellam 99, and Elkington & Co Ltd, 41cm high.Provenance The statue was in the Downes Boer War Memorabilia Collection and was given to Mr Clifford Webb in grateful recognition for all he has done from 1975-1994 for Downes. Given to him by Mrs Peter Parker in 1994, and thence by family decent.
° ° McArthur. J - The Army and Navy Gentleman’s Companion, or A New and Complete Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Fencing, 4to, quarter calf, with engraved frontis and 19 plates, J. Murray, London, 1784**CONDITION REPORT**PLEASE NOTE:- Prospective buyers are strongly advised to examine personally any goods in which they are interested BEFORE the auction takes place. Whilst every care is taken in the accuracy of condition reports, Gorringes provide no other guarantee to the buyer other than in relation to forgeries. Many items are of an age or nature which precludes their being in perfect condition and some descriptions in the catalogue or given by way of condition report make reference to damage and/or restoration. We provide this information for guidance only and will not be held responsible for oversights concerning defects or restoration, nor does a reference to a particular defect imply the absence of any others. Prospective purchasers must accept these reports as genuine efforts by Gorringes or must take other steps to verify condition of lots. If you are unable to open the image file attached to this report, please let us know as soon as possible and we will re-send your images on a separate e-mail.
Victorian military camphorwood campaign chest by Army & Navy, the two-section chest with two short above one long drawer to the top section and two long drawers to the lower section, brass handles and mounts, label to the top left drawer 'Army & Navy CSL Makers', stamped 'Hobbs & Co London' to the lock, on spindle feet, 104.5cm high, 100cm wide and 45.5cm deep.
Samurai suit of armor from the Edo Period, Japan, XVIII century.Steel mesh, leather, cloth and lacquered.It consists of helmet, mask, breastplate, shoulder pads, sleeves, thigh pads, shin guards and stirrups.It comes with its original storage box in polychrome wood.It has slight flaws. Wear and tear due to use and passage of time.Measures: 140 x 60 x 50 cm (mounted armor); 54 x 40 x 42 cm (box).The Japanese armor, regardless of its evolution over time, always tried to combine protection with mobility, so that the warrior had an acceptable freedom of movement. For this reason, the "gushoku-shi", the master craftsmen of this art, always sought materials that would allow this balance, such as metal and leather.The armor we now present consists of a kabuto or helmet from which hangs a shikoro neck protector. The somen (mask that covered the entire face) is polychromed in black. It was intended as a facial armor designed in such a way that the heavy helmet could be tied and secured to it by several metal stakes. The breastplate, sleeves (kote) and thigh pads (haidate) combine earth-colored cloth, leather and steel. It is also accompanied by shin guards and stirrups.The samurai's interest in distinguished armor arose in the Edo period, a period considered peaceful, also known as the Era of Uninterrupted Peace (1603-1868). In this period, the absence of warlike conflicts led to less activity on the part of the samurai who, however, had to attend the court of the Shogun or commander of the army to render accounts on a regular basis. The catwalk or parade that they had to walk until they reached the commander gave rise to a desire to exhibit the samurai's armor as authentic works of art. Thus, the armor became a showcase for the arts of many craftsmen (embroiderers, blacksmiths, weavers, etc).At the end of the Heian period (794-1185), the first full armor as we know it today began to appear, constructed from iron plates joined with strips of leather and silk cords, which again allowed for increased mobility and lightness. In fact, the manufacture of armor became so complicated that by the 19th century it was considered an independent art, the "odoshi-gei". Thus, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the armor will include numerous variations designed to reflect the clan and rank to which the warrior who wore it belonged. Special mention should be made of the colors, not only because of their association with certain families, but also because of their symbolic content. In fact, the color white corresponds in Japanese culture to mourning, and if it appeared on a suit of armor it represented the conviction of leaving one's life in battle. This progressive complication generated, however, an important controversy, since the complexity of the silk and leather weaves made it easy for enemy weapons and projectiles to get caught in them during battle, and their nooks and crannies could harbor mold and parasites.
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