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Calligraphic Manuscript - “Simplicity. An essay by Coventry Patmore written out by Irene Wellington. 1951.”Calligraphic Manuscript - “Simplicity.An essay by Coventry Patmore written out by Irene Wellington. 1951.” [Noplace]. Small 4to (185 x 135mm). Fine calligraphic manuscript on 8-pages in red,black and blue ink, on hand-made paper. Contemporary green morocco-backedmarbled paper boards gilt, uncut. Provenance: Loosely-inserted is aone-page autograph letter from Christopher Sandford, signed, on paper headed“Golden Cockerel Press”, and dated 18 July 1951, stating, “Dear LadyWorthington, I hope that (as the God-mother of the pleasant association which Ihave had with your husband and the Manchester Regiment) you will acceptenclosed book – which I send with the Golden Cockerel’s homage and good wishes,Yrs sincerely, Christopher Sandford.” Irene Bass Sutton Wellington (1904-84)was a leading British exponent of the art of calligraphy. Having studied at theRoyal College of Art, she undertook various commissions for the Central Schoolof Arts and Crafts between 1944 and 1959, and was also commissioned by theLondon County Council to provide the calligraphy for the Accession andCoronation addresses which were presented to Queen Elizabeth in 1952 and 1953respectively. Christopher Sandford (1902-83) was a book designer, proprietor ofThe Golden Cockerel Press and a founding director of The Folio Society.

ERASMUS (1466-1536). Adagiorum chiliades iuxta locos communes digesta. [etc.]ERASMUS (1466-1536). Adagiorumchiliades iuxta locos communes digesta. [Frankfurt:] Sumptibus hæredum AndreæWecheli, Claudij Marnij, et Io. Aubrij, 1599. Folio (346 x 225mm). Woodcutdevice on title, initials, printed in double column (some light mainly marginalspotting and staining). Contemporary vellum, spine with red moroccolettering-piece, yapp edges (heavily stained, some creasing, upper jointssplit, lacks ties). Provenance: G. Currey (armorial bookplate);ownership inscriptions of three successive owners dated 1842 (Currey), 1885(Th. Gibson) and 1961 (Geo. Engle); Küffler (old [?]signature on title); someold underlining to text and annotation. Adams E466; cf. Brunet II, 196. With 7other works in 11 volumes, namely [The Bible (London, ChristopherBarker, 1576] [with:] The Whole Booke of Psalms, London, John Day, 1576,folio, folding woodcut bird’s-eye-view of “The forme of the Temple and citie restored”(lacks all before Aii, but supplied in crude modern facsimile, and severalleaves lacking at the end), contemporary calf, rebacked), Giovanni Boccaccio’s TheDecameron (London, Isaac Jaggard, 1620, folio, a few illustrations andornaments hand-coloured (lacks all before B[1], many leaves lacking, a fewsupplied in early manuscript), contemporary calf), Biblia sacra vulgateeditionis (Paris, [c. 1629], contemporary calf), Nathanael [sic] Brent’stranslation of The Historie of the Councel of Trent (London, 1640,folio, contemporary calf), Erasmus’s Adagiorum (Amsterdam, Elzevir,1650, 12mo, contemporary vellum), Thomas Fuller’s The Church History ofBritain (London, 1655, folio, a few engraved plates inserted including 2 ofLichfield Cathedral [illustrated], later calf) and Biblia Sacra (Lyon,1827, 5 vols., 16mo, contemporary calf, rather worn); together with a foldercontaining 8 leaves, unbound, extracted from various Venetian incunables [see illustration]. Provenance: From the Library ofthe late Sir George Engle. The lot sold not subject to return. (12) 

MARITIME - The Searchlight. H.M.S. "Lion."MARITIME - TheSearchlight. H.M.S. "Lion." ... For Private Circulation only. [No place: nopublisher], October 1st, 1915 - April 1st, 1916. 3 issues bound in one, 4to(300 x 203mm). Wood-engraved illustrations. EXCEPTIONALLY FINELY BOUND in navyblue crushed morocco gilt by Riviere and Son, the spine lettered in gilt("H.M.S. Lion's Searchlight") with gilt coat-of-arms and 5 raisedbands, the dentelles with anchor motifs stamped in gilt at each corner, uncut,original stiff wrappers bound in. RICHLY EXTRA-ILLUSTRATED. The volumecontains, in addition to the printed material, the following: 1) the strikingoriginal full-page cover design in pen-and-ink of "H.M.S. Lion" atfull steam, initialled "E.C.B."; 2) the original full-pagepen-and-ink drawing of [?]Captain Alfred E. M. Chatfield standing on deckbeside Horatio Nelson, captioned "Have patience, I waited two years forVilleneuve"; 3) an original pen-and-ink design for a banner, showing afleet of ships heading towards a rising sun, marked up in pencil for printing;4) a 5-page autograph manuscript of the poem "The Soul of a Ship"signed [?] by Captain Chatfield (but which is uncredited in printed formon p. 5 of the first issue); 5) an original pen-and-ink and watercolourcaricature of Viscount Bassett, unsigned; 6) an original pen-and-ink circulartitle for the January 1915 issue; 7) an original pen-and-ink drawing, unsigned,captioned "Have you done your bit?", marked-up in pencil for printing[but not apparently printed]; 8) printer's proofs for a caricaturecaptioned  "A.L.H."; 9) anoriginal full-page pen-and-ink drawing of a lion, unsigned, captioned,"Looking for their next meal"; 10) various letters and receipts fromG. H. Barwick, Department of Printed Books, British museum ("I amparticularly gratified to get this, and shall be very glad of anyfurther publications of the Navy of this kind ..."); 11) a fine originalpen-and-ink and watercolour portrait [subject unidentified], unsigned,captioned, "Per mare, per terram"; 12) an original pen-and-ink designfor a tail-piece. Loosely-inserted are various other ephemeral items relatingto the printing of the periodical and to the ship. 

MISCELLANY - John GAY (1685-1732). Fables. [etc.]MISCELLANY - John GAY (1685-1732). Fables. London: Printed for J. Tonson and J. Watts, 1727. 4to (256 x 200mm). Title with engraved illustration, 50 engraved illustrations only ([?]of 51, lacking L4 [i.e. pp. 73-74], variable browning, spotting and staining). Contemporary calf gilt (heavily rubbed). A second volume, not present here, followed in 1738. With a quantity of very miscellaneous books and documents including John Bunyan's The Works (London, 1736, 2 vols., engraved portrait, contemporary calf, defective), [Daniel Defoe’s] The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (London, 1790, 2 vols., engraved plates, contemporary calf), [Susanna Dobson’s] Historical Anecdotes of Heraldry and Chivalry (Worcester, 1795, contemporary calf, upper cover detached), W. H. Bartlett’s Walks about the City and Environs of Jerusalem (London, [c. 1844], second edition, engraved plates, original decorated cloth gilt), John M. Kemble’s Horæ Ferales; or, Studies in the Archæology of the Northern Nations (London, 1863, contemporary blue calf gilt, head of spine lacking), J. B. Waring’s Stone Monuments, Tumuli and Ornament of Remote Ages (London, 1870, original buckram, soiled), Report on Central African Rail Link Development Survey. Vol. 1. (London, June 1952, plates, folding maps, buckram-backed paper boards), a bound album containing early 20th-century monochrome photographs of American locomotives, several belonging to the "Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Co."; with a manuscript Account Book relating to the Estate of Robert Hedington of Great Waldingfield, Suffolk, kept from 1787 to 1853; and a collection of miscellaneous legal documents, the majority on vellum, most 18th- and 19th-century, but some earlier. Please note that only a part of this lot is illustrated. The lot sold not subject to return. (qty)

PERSIAN MANUSCRIPT, of scientific interest.A Persian manuscript of scientific interest on c. 300 leaves, with astronomical diagrams and tables and numerous coloured illustrations in the text including a dragon, animals, birds and plants (heavy worming throughout), [?]18th-century, contemporary vellum gilt (rubbed and scuffed). Provenance: some old underlining and annotation in red. Sold not subject to return.

Spiegel Menschlicher Behaltnuss mitt Sampt den Ewangelien und Epistelen.[Spiegel Menschlicher Behaltnuss mitt Sampt den Ewangelien und Epistelen. Augsburg: Johann Schönsperger, 1500]. 4to (254 x 180mm). Printed in double column, 40-lines, hand-coloured woodcut illustrations (lacks all before a6, but 4 leaves supplied in crude facsimile, some leaves torn or re-margined with loss, lightly browned throughout, some spotting and staining). Contemporary panelled vellum over boards elaborately decorated in blind, spine with 4 raised bands, 2 leather clasps (some repairs, new endpapers). Provenance: unidentified manuscript coat of arms on front pastedown; Detlef Mauss (blindstamp to front free endpaper). A German translation of Speculum humanae salvationis ('The Mirror of Human Salvation'), an encyclopedic work of popular theology which was widely disseminated in manuscript form and in printed form principally throughout the incunable period. The work is believed to have originated between 1309, as there is a reference in the text to the Pope being at Avignon, and 1324, the date on two copies. It was first printed in 'block book' form in Utrecht in 1466, and in a combination of woodcut and movable-type by Günther Zainer in Augsburg in 1473 in both a Latin and a German edition. The author is unknown. Goff S-669. Sold not subject to return.

[?]SPRENGER, Heinrich (c. 1436-95), Heinrich KRAMER [or INSTITORIS] (c. 1430-1505) and Johannes NIDER (1380-1438). Malleus maleficarum.[?]SPRENGER, Heinrich (c. 1436-95), Heinrich KRAMER [or INSTITORIS] (c. 1430-1505) and Johannes NIDER (1380-1438). Malleusmaleficarum: De lamiis et strigibus, et sagis, aliisque magis et dæmoniacis,eorumq; arte et potestate et poena, Tractatus aliquot tam veterum, quàmrecentiorum auctorum. Frankfurt: [Colophon:] “Impressum Francofurti ad Moenum,Sumptibus Nicolai Bassoei,” 1588. Volume one only (of 2), 8vo (160 x 102mm). 806 pages + 36 pages of the Index, woodcut device on title, final text leaf and colophon, initials, ornament (lacks all beforetitle [i.e. blank], variable mainly light browning, spotting and staining, but gatheringx[1]-[x8] very heavily browned, some worming to lower margins but affectingletters from [y5-Aa8], a few rustholes and darker spots). Contemporary vellum, yappedges, spine titled in old manuscript (some staining). Provenance: oldinscription on title and intermittent underlining of text; old cataloguedescriptions laid down on front pastedown; G. L. Engle, 1952 (label); from the Library of the late Sir George Engle. Compiled in the late 15th-century by Dominicaninquisitors, the Malleus maleficarum (literally, the ‘hammer ofwitches’) is perhaps the best known of the earliest treatises on witchcraft.The attribution of Sprenger as a co-author has been disputed. The first printededition appeared in Strasbourg in 1486. “There can be no doubt that this workhad in its day and for a full couple of centuries an enormous influence. Thereare few demonologists and writers upon witchcraft who do not refer to its pagesas an ultimate authority. It was continually quoted and appealed to inwitch-trials” (Montague Summers). “It is universally considered as the greatestsumma of printed demonological literature …” (Mora, George (editor), Witches,Devils, and Doctors in the Renaissance, 1991, pp. 724-5). Norman Douglasdescribed it as “the misogynists’ handbook.” Cf. Norman 1997; cf. Wellcome 6049. 

THOMAS AQUINAS (Saint, c. 1225-74). Summa theologiae.THOMAS AQUINAS (Saint, c. 1225-74). Summa theologiae. Pars secunda: secunda pars, edited by Ludovicus de Cremona. Mantua: Paulus de Butzbach, [not after 1474]. Folio (276 x 204mm). 53 lines, printed in double column, type 1:75G, 3- to 11-line initial spaces, some contemporary manuscript chapter numbers at upper margins, 386 leaves (of 396, without the 2 blanks and the final quire [see note], a single wormhole in quires 7-8, marginal wormhole in last 4 leaves, some very light mainly marginal staining). Full modern pigskin by Katherine Adams [for C. H. St John Hornby], with her monogram stamp dated 1905, spine lettered in gilt and with 5 raised bands, gilt and gauffered edges, preserving 4 original vellum flyleaves. Provenance: Johannes Groot, Canon of St Denis, Liège (contemporary inscription on first vellum flyleaf, neatly crossed out [i.e. preserving legibility]); given as a gift to Magister Bartholomaeus de Meerlair; Bois-le-Duc, Carthusians (inscription on front flyleaf); old illegible inscription at head of rear vellum flyleaf; Charles Harry St John Hornby (bookplate and Shelley House label). One of the earliest and rarest editions from the second Mantuan Press. This copy is lacking the final quire consisting of the table by the editor. Since this is often the case, it has been speculated that the quire was printed after some copies had been distributed without it. BMC VII, 930; not in Brunet; Goff T-213; HC 1458; Harvard/Walsh 3335A; IGI 9590; cf. PMM 30 (citing Basle edition of 1485): "The Summa is divided into three parts, the first of which treats of the nature, attributes and relations of God, including the physical universe; the subject of the second being man and the chief end of man, in which a definitive code of ethics is laid down; the third part, which was completed according to Aquinas's plan after his death, dealt with Christ, God and man. Even in this attenuated summary, the systematizing influence of Aristotle can be seen operating on 'all the learning of the Fathers', and it is this system which led Leo XIII in his Encyclical of 1879 to declare it the indisputable basis of Catholic theology; equally, it underlies much subsequent theological, political and social enquiry into the nature and position of man in the state or in the universe."

"Journal of H.M.S. 'Alert', manuscript ship's journal.“Journal of H.M.S. ‘Alert’ commissioned at Sheerness 20thAugust 1878.” [No place: 1878-1880], 4to (265 x 200mm). Manuscript ship’sjournal on 55-pages kept between 21st August 1878 and 28thNovember 1880, 4 manuscript charts of South America. Contemporary marbled paperboards (rubbed and scuffed). Provenance: A. Payne (old signature on‘title’). Loosely-inserted is a 2-page typed letter, signed, from M. C. Websterto the vendor, dated 19 April 1982, stating “… I must thank you most heartilyfor your letter of 6 April containing notes from the manuscript journal ofBoatswain A. Payne of the ‘Alert’ … The work performed by ‘Alert’ only servesto remind us in these times [i.e. the Falkands War] of the long recognizedstrategic importance of this area of the south Atlantic, and how forward wereour predecessors in their thinking. How topical it is to read from Coppinger’sbook [included in the lot], and the ship’s log, that after refitting and revictualling,the vessel left Montevideo on 14 December 1878 conveying H. E. the Governor ofthe Falkland Islands Mr Callaghan and wife. After a passage in which the shipwas recorded as rolling 25 degrees, their Excellencies disembarked at portStanley on 26 December 1878 amid a furious storm of wind and hail …” With R. W.Coppinger’s Cruise of the “Alert”. Four Years in Patagonian, Polynesian, andMascarene Waters. (1878-82.) (London, 1883, contemporary pebbled cloth). Provenance:from the Collection of Lt. Cdr. Andrew David (bookplate). (2)

VANCOUVER, George (1757-98). A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean.VANCOUVER, George (1757-98).  A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and Round the World; in which the Coast of North-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed undertaken by His Majesty’s Command, Principally with a View to ascertain the existence of any Navigable Communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans … A New Edition, with Corrections. London: Printed for John Stockdale, 1801. 6 volumes, 8vo (225 x 145mm). 17 folding engraved plates (lacking the 2 charts in vol. one, but supplied in crude modern facsimile, one bound in, the other loose, pp. 409-410 in vol. one lacking, but supplied in crude modern facsimile, occasional light spotting and staining). Contemporary paper-backed pink paper boards, spines titled in early manuscript, uncut (upper joints of vol. one split, some creasing and discolouration of spines). Provenance: Francis White Popham (armorial bookplates). With a folio volume of folding modern facsimile charts to accompany the work. Brunet IV, 563; Ferguson 339; Forbes 335; Hill p. 1754: “This voyage became one of the most important ever made in the interests of geographical knowledge”; Howes V-23; Howgego I, V13; Sabin 98444; Wickersham 6601. Provenance: from the Collection of Lt. Cdr. Andrew David (bookplate). (7)

FLEMMING, Walther 1843-1905). Zellsubstanz, Kem und Zelltheilung.FLEMMING, Walther (1843-1905).  Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung. Leipzig: Verlag von F. C. W. Vogel, 1882. Large 8vo (235 x 160mm). 8 tinted lithographed plates, one folding, some double-page, illustrations (title stained, occasional light spotting). Contemporary black half roan and marbled boards (extremities rubbed, remnants of old manuscript label on spine). Provenance: Bibliotheca Collegii Exaeten (old stamp on title); from the Collection of Peter and Margarethe Braune. FIRST EDITION of this seminal work on cytogenetics which first established, and named, the process of ‘mitosis’. In the present work, the author also coins the terms ‘prophase’, ‘metaphase’ and ‘anaphase’ and establishes that all cell nuclei come from another predecessor nucleus. The author was the first to observe and describe systematically the behaviour of chromosomes in the cell nucleus during normal cell division. The book also includes the first illustration of human chromosomes, made possible by the use of aniline dyes.

ROBERVAL, Gilles Personne de (1602-75). Aristarchi Sami. De mundi systemate.ROBERVAL,Gilles Personne de (1602-75).  AristarchiSamii. De mundi systemate, partibus, & motibus eiusdem, libellus.Paris: Sumptibus vir. Amplissim. Væneunt apud Antonium Bertier, 1644 [dedicationdated 1643]. Small 8vo in 4s (141 x 80mm). Headpieces andinitials, 2 folding engraved plates (one plate detached, title lightly browned,holes in aii affecting letters, some mainly marginal spotting and staining, afew darker spots). Contemporary vellum (heavily stained). Provenance:later French inscription on verso of title which discloses that the presentwork is a forgery: "...  il futcomposé par Roberval qui voulait ... défendre le systeme de Copernic";from the Collection of Peter and Margarethe Braune. FIRST EDITION of thistreatise in which the author, under the cover of a forgery, proposes aheliocentric view of the universe. "Roberval's positivism appears in aparticularly nuanced form in the book De mundi systemate of 1644, wherehe claimed to have translated an Arabic manuscript of Aristarchus, to which hehad added his own notes, all of them favourable to the author. Yet he did notadhere to the system of Aristarchus to the exclusion of those of Ptolemy andTycho Brahe. In the dedication of the work, Roberval wrote: 'Perhaps all threeof these systems are false and the true one unknown. Still, that of Aristarchusseemed to me to be the simplest and the best adapted to the laws of nature.' Itis with this reservation that Roberval expressed his opinion on the greatsystem of the world (the solar system), the minor systems (planetary), themotions of the sun and the planets, the declination of the moon, the apogeesand perigees, the agitation of the oceans, the precession of the equinoxes, andthe comets. Despite this reservation, Roberval appeared convinced of theexistence of universal attraction, which - under the inspiration of Kepler - heput forth as the foundation of his entire astronomy: "In all this worldlymatter [the fluid of which the world is composed, according to our author], andin each of its parts, resides a certain property, or accident, by force ofwhich this matter contracts into a single continuous body" (DSB).

MATISSE HENRI: (1869-1954) French Artist. An important typed manuscript, with extensive manuscript additions by Matisse, unsigned, one page, folio, n.p. (Vence), n.d. (c.1950), in French. The typed manuscript, evidently prepared by a journalist following an interview with the artist, is entitled An Hour with Matisse, and provides details of Matisse's work at the Chapelle du Rosaire de Vence as it reaches its final stages of decoration, explaining that the eminent architect Auguste Perret has supervised the project, and that Matisse's studio is currently a replica of the chapel's interior with a huge amount of drawings affixed to the walls, many in yellow, green and blue, representing the colours to be used in the stained glass, further describing the position of the altar, the white marble floor, and the black and white ceramic tiles which Matisse is creating. The manuscript continues with several questions posed to Matisse, which he responds to in his own hand, explaining that the square ceramic tiles are to be decorated in black and white in order to strike a balance with the colours of the stained glass, and expressing his view that the hardest challenge in building and decorating the chapel was to fill a relatively small space with the monumental and expressive concept that he wished to achieve. Matisse also states that he has not felt the need to change his religious views in order to create the chapel, and that all of his life his work has been made with the religious feeling of the mystery of nature. Finally, the artist remarks that he has not had time to consider future projects as the chapel has not yet been completed. The final third of the page was originally part of a separate sheet and is now neatly affixed to the base of the primary sheet. VG In 1941 Matisse, living in the south of France, developed cancer and underwent surgery. During his long recovery he was assisted by a young nurse, Monique Bourgeois, who also served as a model for several of the artist's drawings and paintings. In 1943 Bourgeois entered the Dominican convent in Vence and became Sister Jacques-Marie. In due time Matisse bought a house in Vence and remained in touch with the young nun. She told him of the plans the Dominicans had to build a chapel and sought Matisse's help with the design of the building. Matisse agreed and the project commenced in 1947. Over the next four years the artist worked on the chapel, its architecture, stained glass windows, interior furnishings, murals, and the priests' vestments. The chapel features three sets of stained glass windows which Matisse dedicated much of his time to. All three sets make use of just three colours: an intense yellow for the sun, an intense green for vegetation and cactus forms, and a vivid blue representing the Mediterranean Sea, the Riviera and the Madonna. For the walls Matisse designed three murals to be made by painting white tiles with black paint and then firing the large sections of tile. Although Matisse had been baptised a Catholic, he had not practised the religion for many years. The artist had never undertaken work of the kind before, and upon completion Matisse himself declared the chapel to be his 'masterpiece'.

ROUSSEAU JEAN-JACQUES: (1712-1778) French Writer and Philosopher. An interesting autograph manuscript, unsigned, one page, 4to, n.p., [Paris], n.d. (c.1745), in French. The page of manuscript, in Rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women and laws which he prepared between 1745-51 for his benefactress Louise Marie Madeleine Dupin. Rousseau writes his text in the right column of the page, the left reserved for additional notes. Rousseau refers to a French King´s order, and states 'Ordonn[ance] des R[ois] de Fr[ance]…p.155'. In this text Rousseau refers to King Charles V and the Abbey of Poissy, stating 'Par des lettres du Roy Charles 5 données en 1368 l´Abbaye de Poissy et tout ce qui lui appartient est soustraitté a toute autre jurisdiction que celle du Roy, qui leur accorde de n´avoir a répondre par devant nul autre juge que le Prévot de Paris.´ Small overall age wear with very slightly uneven edges, otherwise G to VG  The Abbey of Poissy, also known as Royal Abbey of Abbecourt, was founded in 1184. 

DUMAS ALEXANDRE Père: (1802-1870) French Writer whose works include The Three Musketeers. A very fine Autograph Manuscript by Dumas, one page, blue paper, 8vo, n.p., n.d., entitled `Le Dernier Cri de la Pologne´, (“The Last Yell of Poland”), in French. An unusual and in some way poetical manuscript of Dumas, referring to an agonizing Poland whose yell is not listened by the Kings and compares their distress with the ones of ships sinking, stating in part `Quelque fois en mer dans les nuits orageuses, pendant l´obscurité, on entend un de ces grands cris de détresse qui indique qu´un navire est en perdition. Alors il est du devoir de tout marin, même au risqué de sa propre vie….´ (“Sometimes at sea, in stormy nights, during darkness, one hears one of those loud cries of distress which indicates that a ship is sinking. So it is the duty of every sailor, even at the risk of his own life..”), further saying `Voici plus d´un an que de pareils cris parcourent les pays et viennent mourir dans l´oreille des Rois qui demeurent tranquillement à leur place. Mais le dernier, celui que nous allons citer, est le cri supreme, c´est le plus douloureux. La Pologne agonisante..´ (“It has been more than a year since such cries roam the countries and come to die in the ears of the Kings who remain quietly in their place. But the last one, the one we are going to quote, is the supreme yell, it is the most painful. The dying Poland..”) Very slightly trimmed upper edge and a small paper tape to the bottom right corner, not affecting the text. G to VG Dumas most probably refers to one of the 19th century Polish uprisings, in 1848 against Prussian rule and in 1863 against Russian rule. Foreign powers did not support these Polish uprisings.

APOLLINAIRE GUILLAUME: (1880-1918) French Poet, Playwright and Novelist. One of the forefathers of Surrealism, Apollinaire is credited with coining the word Surrealism. A good and unusual autograph manuscript page, two pages, 4to, n.p., [London], n.d., [1904-07], in French. Written to a book note cover, Apollinaire disorderly annotates upside down multiple thoughts, political and poetical ones, titles, or even loose sentences. Apollinaire states in part `La mort des sirenes´(`The death of mermaids´), `Je me réjouis parce que je ne sais rien… parce que j´ai le droit de ne plus rien croire..´(`I am delighted because I do not know anything… because it is my right not to believe anything anymore..´), `Avoir le courage de dire des mots sales´ (`To have the courage of saying dirty words´), `Il est évident qu´il n´y a pas de vide entre les astres…´ (`It is obvious that there is no empty space between the stars..´), `Masturbation.. civilisation.. couvents´ (`Masturbation.. civilisation.. convents´), `La littérature sofadique depuis la Révolution´, and to the verso `Que deviendra mon coeur parmi tous ses am..´ (`What will my heart become among all these..´). Uneven right edge. Very small overall minor staining and age wear. G

SAINT-EXUPERY ANTOINE DE: (1900-1944) French Writer, Poet and pioneering Aviator. French aristocrat who became a laureate of several France's highest literary awards and is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince ('Le Petit Prince'), 1943, and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Night Flight (1931) and Wind, Sand and Stars (1939). Rare autograph manuscript by Saint-Exupery, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d., in French. Saint-Exupery, in his usual very difficult writing, seems to annotate twelve lengthy lines of his thoughts which could be a draft for one of his articles for the newspapers. The partially transcribed document states in part `It was simply a man´s house….and I was feeling as we were all friends.. But I was embarking in this deceiving drama… this room with the curtains closed..´ Overall age wear, mostly to edges with very small minor tears not affecting the text, otherwise G Saint-Exupéry disappeared over the Mediterranean on a reconnaissance mission in July 1944, and is believed to have died at that time. Prior to the war, Saint-Exupéry had achieved fame in France as an aviator. His literary works - among them The Little Prince, translated into over 250 languages and dialects - posthumously boosted his stature to national hero status in France.

DOYLE ARTHUR CONAN: (1859-1930) Scottish Author, creator of Sherlock Holmes. A small 8vo ruled page removed from a notebook bearing Doyle's manuscript billiard scores for the month of February, comprising a list of six scores (Doyle's being the highest) alongside two of which he has added his initials ('ACD') and those of his opponent alongside a further two. VG

BAUDELAIRE CHARLES: (1821-1868) French Poet, a pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe. An excellent and rare autograph letter incorporating an autograph poem, unsigned, one page, 12mo, n.p., Tuesday 3rd November, n.y., in French. Baudelaire addresses a short message to an unidentified woman stating `Vous m´avez envoyé des vers sans papillon, permettez-moi de vous offrir des fleurs sans vers, et pour vous prouver que mon gout a su comprendre le votre, mettez-les ce soir à votre boutonniere.´, (`You sent me verses without a personal note, allow me to offer you flowers without verses, and to prove that my taste has understood yours, put them in your buttonhole this evening.´) At the base of the page Baudelaire states or entitles his poem `Pas toujours la Nature embellit la Beauté´, (`Not always Nature embellishes Beauty´), the Nature and the Beauty is a subject Baudelaire would write about more extensively, and beneath writes a four verse poem `…….C´est donc lui la beauté, car c´est moi la nature. - Si toujours la nature embellit la beauté….´ Autograph verses by Baudelaire are extremely rare and sought after, and this piece elegantly combines a letter and a poem, for which only this manuscript is known. With blank integral leaf. Small overall minor age wear, very small clipped corner to the upper left and very small tear to the bottom edge. G

WEYL HERMANN: (1885-1955) German Mathematician, Theoretical Physicist and Philosopher. Manuscript D.S., Hermann Weyl, one page, 4to, n.p., November 1952. Weyl responds to a researcher's questionnaire in homage to Albert Einstein, with their questions at the head of the page, 1. What do you think of Einstein, or what do you owe to him? 2. Among the more illustrious scientists in all ages, to whom do you compare him, and what place, in your opinion, does his hold in the future? 3. Immediately after him, would you cite the names of the six greatest masters in contemporary physics, and explain the reason of your choice? Weyl's answers to the first two questions appear immediately beneath, '1. As all the world knows, Einstein has made the most fundamental contributions to various branches of physics. His work in general relativity theory was of great influence in my own scientific development; in particular both of us tried to develop a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism……..2. I believe that Einstein can be compared only with men of the stature of a Newton or Maxwell. His theory of special and general relativity is of the same everlasting value as their work'. About EX 

LESLIE JOHN: (1766-1832) Scottish Mathematician & Physicist, remembered for his research into heat. Leslie gave the first modern account of capillary action in 1802 and froze water using an air-pump in 1810, the first artificial production of ice. Manuscript D.S., John Leslie, one page, oblong 8vo, College of Edinburgh, 14th February 1823. The document states, in full, 'I hereby certify that Mr. James Campbell has regularly attended the Natural Philosophy Class since the beginning of the current session until this date'. Some light age wear and two very small, minor traces of mounting to the verso, otherwise VG

PINCUS GREGORY: (1903-1967) American Biologist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill. Manuscript D.S., Gregory Pincus, one page, 4to, n.p., September 1954. Pincus responds to a researcher's questionnaire regarding the destiny and the task of the scientist, with their questions at the head of the page, 1. What does the destiny of the scientist in modern society seem to you to be? 2. Within what limits do you place his task and how do you conceive his own life? 3. What can his reaction be before a discovery he has made which might contribute to the progress and happiness of humanity, or which might result in its destruction? 4. Do you think the scientist should collaborate with the technician to put his discovery into practice? Pincus provides his answers immediately beneath, in part, '1) The role of the scientist, like that of all scholars, is the discovery of the truth. His particular realm of inquiry is the physical universe, and since an understanding of this universe has afforded and will continue to afford the means for its employment for useful ends the scientist has become and will continue to be an essential part of modern society - unless indeed that society destroys itself completely. 2) The basic function of the scientist is to lay bare the fundamental relationships governing the behaviour of matter, living and dead. By and large this involves the careful, accurate measurement of almost innumerable phenomena…….3) Discovery is the least important aspect of a scientist's task. His objective is not to hop from discovery to discovery, but to present an orderly analysis of phenomena. All discoveries may have beneficent or destructive effects depending upon the method of their application and the culture pattern of the society in which they are used. Thus the discovery of a virus may lead to its control as an agent of a disease or its use in “biological warfare”……… 4) Yes, whenever such collaboration does not detract too much from his basic activities'. VG

FLEMING ALEXANDER: (1881-1955) Scottish Biologist, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, 1945. A rare manuscript D.S., Alexander Fleming, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (annotated 4th September 1949 in ink in an unidentified hand at the foot). Fleming responds to a researcher's questionnaire featuring their questions at the head of the page, '1. Were your scientific "debuts" easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living (another profession or a private income) enable you to make yourself known in science?.......3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Which do you consider as your master piece (sic)?' The biologist provides his answers below, in full, '1. Merely the result of years of hard work and observation. 2. No. 3. Penicillin because this has been useful to mankind. Perhaps best work was on the action of antiseptics or on lysozymes.' Documents or letters in any form signed by Fleming in which he refers to penicillin are rare and desirable. Some light age wear and minor creasing, largely to the extreme edges, a small area of paper loss to the upper edge and some ink show through from a few annotations in the hand of the researcher to the verso, only very slightly affecting a few words of Fleming's text and not the signature. G

SYNGE RICHARD L.M.: (1914-1994) British Biochemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1952. Manuscript D.S., R L M Synge, one page, 4to, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeenshire, 27th April 1953. Synge responds to a researcher's questionnaire entitled World Inquiry, with their questions at the head of the page, 1. Were your scientific “debut” easy or difficult? 2. Did means of living (another profession or a private income) enable you to make yourself known in science? Or did you live solely through your work of laboratory? 3. What work (or what discovery) made yourself more famous? Synge provides his answers immediately beneath, '1. I suppose rather easy. 2. Lived nearly entirely from laboratory work. 3. Invention of partition chromatography with A. J. P. Martin, 1941'. Synge also suggests the researcher consults Les Prix Nobel en 1953 for further information and apologises for the delay in replying. Some very light, extremely minor foxing and a few small, neat tears to the edges, otherwise VG

PRELOG VLADIMIR: (1906-1998) Croatian-Swiss Organic Chemist, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry, 1975. Autograph Manuscript Signed, V. Prelog, two pages (feint squared graph paper), Copenhagen, 15th March 1972. Evidently originally part of a larger working scientific manuscript (with various corrections), perhaps for an essay or lecture, the text states, in part, 'Enantiomers differ only by the sign of their optical activity, whereas diastereoisomers, which can be optically active or inactive, differ also in other scalar properties…..All practically encountered cases of stereoisomerism could be interpreted by stereomodels, but the world of stereomodels itself has never been analyzed adequately. One of the reasons for that was the terrifying multiplicity of isomers and stereoisomers. Several times in the history of chemistry attempts have been made to find general algorithms…..The most famous contributions to mathematics are: the development of the theory of graphs called trees by Cayley, general enumeration theory by Polya, and recently the application of a neglected concept of group theory…..' Signed and dated by Prelog at the head of the first page. VG 

LIVINGSTONE DAVID: (1813-1873) Scottish Missionary & Explorer of Africa. D.S., David Livingston (an early example of his signature frequently used in the 1840s), one page, slim oblong 8vo, Kuruman, South Africa, 1st April 1842, being a manuscript cheque ordering Rev. Dr. Phillip in Cape Town to 'Eight days after sight please pay to John Maskell Esq or order, the sum of forty pounds Sterling, and place the same to the account of salary from the London Missionary Society'. With various annotations and endorsements to the recto and verso and a single ink stroke cancellation, partially running through a few letters of Livingstone's signature (although still perfectly legible). Some light creases and minor age wear, G David Livingstone's first posting as a missionary was at Kuruman in 1841

LIGUORI ALPHONSUS: (1696-1787) Italian Catholic Bishop, Canonized a Saint by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839. Liguori, one of the most widely read Catholic authors, was also a composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher and theologian, and is the patron saint of confessors. An extremely rare Autograph Manuscript, unsigned, four pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d., in Italian. The manuscript is in the form of a religious prayer in the hand of Liguori, in part, 'My God, You who are so full of love and mercy, please save us from evil'. The manuscript would appear to have been created for use in a mass, with certain sections missing which Liguori would seemingly have been able to recite from memory. To the left column of the final page appears an autograph declaration signed by Giuseppe Murrone, a priest in charge of the congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, confirming that the prayer is entirely in the hand of Liguori. Signed at Monterone and dated 22nd August 1836 (by which time Liguori had been beatified by Pope Pius VII, in 1816). A blind embossed paper seal is neatly affixed beneath Murrone's declaration. Some light overall damp staining, only very slightly affecting the text, which remains completely legible. G

TEUFEL ERASMUS VON: (c.1480-1552) Baron de Gundersdorf. Austrian General in the service of Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg who was present at the first siege of Vienna by the Turks and the Battle of Plastovcu in 1552. At the latter he was captured by Suleiman the Magnificent's forces and executed, apparently by being thrown to sea. An extremely rare D.S., Eras Teufel, one page, folio, n.p., 6th April 1546. The boldly penned manuscript document, in an unidentified hand and untranslated language, is signed by Teufel at the foot and apparently originated from the collection of the 19th century German philographer Carl Kunzel (1808-1877). Some light overall age wear and a few small, minor tears, creases and areas of paper loss to the edges, otherwise VG

BICKERTON RICHARD: (1759-1832) British Admiral, served as Second-in Command to Lord Nelson, 1804. An interesting L.S., R Bickerton, one page, folio, on board HMS Swiftsure, Bay of Aboukir, 21st March 1801, to the Masters of HMS Europa, Diadem and Regulus. Bickerton states that it has been brought to his attention by Captain Thomas Hand of the bomb vessel HMS Tartarus that 'there is a quantity of Bread on board the said Vessel in a mouldy state, and unfit for men to eat, and requesting a survey thereon', further instructing his correspondents to board the Tartarus and 'strictly and carefully survey the Bread complained of, but on no account condemn any part thereof unless totally unfit for use, as the difficulty in procuring supplies and the high price of every species of victualling renders it necessary to practise the utmost economy in the expenditure, such part of the said Bread however as appears in the state represented and a nuisance in the ship you are to see thrown over board into the sea'. To the verso appears the manuscript report individually signed by the three Masters of the vessels, given on board HMS Tartarus, 22nd March 1801, and stating, in part, 'Bread - Four hundred and thirty five Pounds, mouldy, maggoty, rotten, and unfit for men to eat, occasioned, in our opinions, from its having been wet with salt water, and it appearing to be a nuisance in the ship, we have seen the same thrown over board into the sea…..And we do further declare that we have made and taken this survey with such care, and equity, that if required we are ready to make oath to the impartiality of our proceedings'. Some light age wear and minor staining and a few small, neat splits at the edges, otherwise about VG The present letter was written and signed shortly after the British victory in the Battle of Abukir on 8th March 1801. The landing of the British expeditionary force was made with the intention of defeating and driving out the estimated 21,000 troops remaining from Napoleon's ill-fated invasion of Egypt. Each of the five ships HMS Swiftsure, Europa, Diadem, Regulus and Tartarus were involved in the British navy's Egyptian campaign from March to September 1801, resulting in their officers and crew being eligible for the clasp “Egypt” to the Navy General Service Medal which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.

EICHMANN ADOLF: (1906-1962) Nazi SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer, known as the 'architect of the Holocaust.' An extremely rare, lengthy and significant Autograph Manuscript Signed, with his initial E, four pages, folio, n.p. (Jerusalem), n.d. (c. June 1961), in German. The manuscript represents Eichmann's instructions, in seven numbered sections, to his Defence Attorney, Robert Servatius, ahead of the day's proceedings at the Jerusalem District Court during Eichmann's trial and state, in part, '1.) ….concerning the documents of the 24.6.61, pages 12 to 25, a) Factual inaccuracies b) Important things aren't mentioned at all, [in fact] important documents are ignored c) Namely the Lidice-issue is inside, but my compilation “special treatment” was not given to me by Dr. Wechtenbruch, because he believed “Lidice” didn't come in today yet. 2.) To save what can still be saved a) Please don't ask me about what I said about document 912 (testimony Sievers)…..it complicates the whole matter and resolves nothing…..Therefore today I am compelled to answer mostly by my own way. 3.) Please do not discuss the document 396….because it is hung in limbo without coherence; while the documents 1254 + 1255 (“According to the order RFSS the Jews are hanged”) are recorded as dropped. Why that???? It should be brought!!! 4.) Namely the “Lidice” instance is on turn, but instead and for nothing else I would need my special elaboration about the special treatment; Poles….Jews. Today I gave the file to Dr. Wechtenbruch, so he can incorporate it, but unfortunately it wasn't done; I shall get it back tomorrow. I couldn't have guessed, that “Lidice” wasn't [scheduled] for today because Dr. W. [withheld] my special treatment note, nevertheless for today no “program” remains and “Lidice” is scheduled for tomorrow…….6.) After these “preparations” I have the biggest concerns, because we didn't discuss this matter yet. Therefore I beg you, to ask me as few as possible…..I wish to skip “Lidice” (doc. 557 to 914) to skip “Ganzenmuller” (doc. 1253 + 1537) to skip “Execution” (doc. 1254 to 396) the only solution would be to schedule it for tomorrow. Because then the matter would be cohesive and [could be] discussed and submitted in more detail…..therefore to avoid giving the impression as if I want to hide something, when nothing is to hide. 7.) Doc. 1531….does not respond to that, what the indictment accused me in this regard. Namely if SS Leaders Burger and Linka (?) are my subordinates, as the indictment claims…..' Signed by Eichmann at the conclusion of the third page. The fourth page bears a further brief note (later crossed through) concerning documents numbered 1129 to 1140 which are in brown folder number 2. An exceptional document relating to one of history's most important war crimes trials which resulted in Israel's only judicial execution to date. Accompanied by a complete English translation. VG Robert Servatius (1894-1983) German Lawyer known for his defence of Nazi war criminals including Adolf Eichmann. Servatius was assisted at Eichmann's trial by the legal assistant Dieter Wechtenbruch. The Lidice Massacre took place in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now the Czech Republic) in June 1942 and saw the whole village destroyed on the orders of Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. The massacre was an act of reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich and the genocide totalled 340 deaths including 82 children who were later exterminated after having been transferred to the Chelmno concentration camp on the orders of Adolf Eichmann. During his trial Eichmann faced four counts of crimes against humanity against non-Jews, including his participation in the Lidice Massacre. He was found guilty for deportation of part of the population of Lidice, but not for the massacre itself.

[HITLER ADOLF]: (1889-1945) Fuhrer of the Third Reich 1933-45. An interesting series of leaves removed from an official ledger originally held in the Presidential Chancellery of the Fuhrer, twenty-eight pages, 4to, n.p. (Berlin), 1936-38. The partially printed pages, completed in manuscript in unidentified hands, provide details of individuals seeking audiences with Adolf Hitler including names, dates and filing numbers for the correspondence relating to the requests. Included amongst the entries are David Lloyd George (4th September 1936), Hermann Esser (12th October 1936), Lord Londonderry (30th October 1936), Lord Castlereagh and Lady Maureen Stanley (17th November 1936), Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (16th November 1936), Hjalmar Schacht (6th February 1937), Tullio Cianetti (20th February 1937), Konstantin von Neurath (25th February 1937), George Lansbury (5th April 1937), Pierre de Coubertin (10th April 1937), Leila Sokhey (23rd April 1937), R. B. Bennet (30th April 1937), Rudolf Carraciola & Manfred von Brauchitsch (27th July 1937), Aga Khan (27th July 1937), John Groth (11th August 1937), Albert Speer (12th August 1937), Rudolf Hess, Joseph Goebbels, Werner von Blomberg & Konstantin von Neurath (16th August 1937), Charles Bedaux (27th August 1937), Ichiro Hatoyama (10th October 1937), Edward, Duke of Windsor (22nd October 1937), Adolf Keller (21st March 1938), G. Ward Price of the Daily Mail (25th July 1938), Ahmed Hussein (9th August 1938), Italo Balbo (13th August 1938) and many, many others. The entries in red and black inks and with a few blank pages. File holes to the left edges of each page and with some light overall age wear, about VG An extremely rare contemporary record of the historic and controversial meeting between Edward, Duke of Windsor and Adolf Hitler on 22nd October 1937 at the Berghof. The minutes of the meeting appear to have been lost, presumed destroyed, during World War II.

MARAT JEAN-PAUL: (1743-1793) French Political Theorist, Scientist and radical Journalist during the French Revolution, advocating for basic human rights for the poorest, and publishing on his periodical L´Ami du Peuple (“The People´s Friend”). Marat was assassinated in 1793 and became a revolutionary martyr to the Jacobins. Extremely rare Autograph Manuscript in the hand of Marat, one page, clipped 6.5 x 1.5 piece, n.p.[Paris], n.d.[1792], in French. The document being part of the text for a pamphlet article by Marat, entitled “Tres humble suppliques aux Pères bonscrits qui n´ont rien contre ceux qui ont tout”, (“Very humble pleas addressed to the Peers who have nothing against those who have everything”), with one word crossed by Marat. The autograph manuscript states in part `On voit que nous regardons la constitution comme l´ouvrage des représentans(sic) vendus.. d´autre role a l´assemblée nationale que de lutter contre leur destruction et d´appuyer sottement les vues du cabinet.´, (“We can see that we look at the constitution as the work of corrupt representatives ... which is the exact truth; because the plan of the court to which they are sold to .. no other role in the national assembly than to fight against their destruction and to support foolishly the views of the cabinet.´ The clipped piece has been neatly and carefully affixed to a an oblong 4to page, and the document bears a small ink stamp, being the prestigious collection Crawford stamp provenance. G

[DUNDAS HENRY]: (1742-1811) 1st Viscount Melville. Scottish Politician who served as Secretary of State for War 1794-1801. Contemporary manuscript copy of Secret Intelligence, the original having been sent with a letter from Dundas dated 16th June 1798, four pages, folio, n.p., n.d. (1798). The secret intelligence report, in an unidentified hand, states, in part, 'A Monsr. Faujas de St. Fond (known as a man of letters before the Revolution) arrived at Frankfort a few days ago. He is employed by the French Government to make enquiries into subjects of natural History. The Abbe de Lisle is here likewise in his way to Brunswick, he was visited by Faujas…..who in conversation informed him that the Expedition from Toulon was certainly destined to Egypt, that it had long been in agitation; that Buonaparte had formed the plan……the army under Buonaparte consisted of 40,000 men, the elite of the French Troops, which would be gradually reinforced, and that all the principal officers in every Corps and Department of the Army were chosen by Buonaparte; that the project was, after having secured possession of certain parts of Egypt, to take the nearest route by Arabia, thro' Persia, cross the Indus nearly where Alexander did, and from thence advance into the British Territories……He observed that this enterprise embraced a number of great public objects, as well as many private views; that Buonaparte saw in it an ample field for gratifying his ambition and perhaps a prospect of establishing himself in some great and independent situation, which he could scarcely have done in Italy. Mr. Foujas pretended also that the projected Invasion of England was intended merely to create expense, excite apprehension, and cover this expedition so as to prevent the British Ministry from taking measures for the security of their Asiatic Dominions'. A few neat splits to the edges of some folds, only very slightly affecting a few words of text, G Barthelemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741-1819) French Geologist & Traveller.

[LOWE HUDSON]: (1769-1844) Anglo-Irish Soldier and Colonial Administrator, Governor of St Helena where he was the 'gaoler' of Napoleon Bonaparte. Contemporary Manuscript copy of an autograph letter by Lowe, in an unidentified clerk's hand, two pages, 4to, London, 19th October 1822, to the Duke of Wellington. The letter states, in part, 'I hope your Grace will excuse the liberty I take of addressing you, upon the following subject, which I cannot better explain than by inclosing copy of a letter (no longer present) I had before written to Earl Bathurst and also of his Lordship's reply (no longer present) suggesting the reference to your Grace. The object, as it will appear, is to obtain for the sisters of the late Colonel Sir William De Lancey the pensions which had been granted, in the first instance to his mother and sisters & afterwards given to his widow who having since died leaves the pension disposeable……since receiving Lord Bathurst's reply to my first application in their behalf Lady Lowe who is also a sister of the late Sir William De Lancey has received a letter from the eldest sister which places the claim in a much stronger point of view than I was aware of……' With blank integral leaf. Together with a contemporary manuscript copy of Wellington's letter of reply, one page, 4to, Verona, 10th November 1822, to Hudson Lowe ('My dear Sir Hudson'), stating, in full, 'I have received your application in favour of the sisters of the late Sir W. De Lancey and I have applied to Lord Liverpool that the pension enjoyed by his widow may be given to them'. With blank integral leaf. Some very light, minor age wear, otherwise VG, 2William Howe De Lancey (1778-1815) English Colonel who served during the Napoleonic Wars and died of wounds he received at the Battle of Waterloo. De Lancey and the Duke of Wellington were close allies and on the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from Elba, De Lancey was appointed deputy quartermaster-general of the army in Belgium, replacing Sir Hudson Lowe, whom Wellington disliked. Wellington was engaged in conversation with De Lancey on the battlefield when the Colonel received the wounds which ultimately led to his death. The Duke of Wellington described the events to Samuel Rogers such -  'De Lancey was with me and speaking to me when he was struck. We were on a point of land that overlooked the plain. I had just been warned off by some soldiers (but as I saw well from it, and two divisions were engaging below, I said "Never mind"), when a ball came bounding along en ricochet, as it is called, and, striking him on the back, sent him many yards over the head of his horse. He fell on his face, and bounded upwards and fell again. All the staff dismounted and ran to him, and when I came up he said, "Pray tell them to leave me and let me die in peace." I had him conveyed to the rear, and two days after, on my return from Brussels, I saw him in a barn, and he spoke with such strength that I said (for I had reported him killed), "Why! De Lancey, you will have the advantage of Sir Condy in 'Castle Rackrent'--you will know what your friends said of you after you were dead." "I hope I shall," he replied. Poor fellow! We knew each other ever since we were boys. But I had no time to be sorry. I went on with the army, and never saw him again' (from The Recollections of Samuel Rogers, 1856) One of De Lancey's two sisters, Susan, married Sir Hudson Lowe in December 1815.

[NAPOLEON BONAPARTE – THE LITTLE KNOWN FIRST WILL OF THE EMPEROR]: BERTRAND HENRI GATIEN (1773-1844) French General. Count Bertrand and Grand Marshal of the Palace. Bertrand was aide-de-camp to Napoleon I and the closest officer to the Emperor, who had full confidence in him. He served during the expedition to Egypt and the Battles of Austerlitz, Wagram, Leipzig and Waterloo and accompanied Napoleon I to Elba in 1814 and to St. Helena in 1815. Bertrand was condemned to death in 1816 but did not return to France until Napoleon´s death when King Louis XVIII granted his amnesty. In 1840 Bertrand went to St. Helena to bring Napoleon´s remains to France. An extremely rare and interesting Autograph Manuscript signed `C[om]te Bertrand´, two pages, 4to, Longwood, St. Helena, 2nd August 1819 and 12th December 1820, in French. Bertrand, the closest General to Napoleon in his last years, copies in full the letter he received from Napoleon I in 1819 with the Emperor´s first draft of his Last Will and Testament (predating his ultimate Will of 1821) and his instructions regarding his belongings. The autograph manuscript states, in part, loyally copying Napoleon´s letter, `My dear B[ertran]d, I send to you my codicil written in my hand in order that after my death you could claim everything that belongs to me here at St. Helene. You will dispose of it as follows. You will give half of my diamonds to Madame Bertrand and the other half to Madame de Montholon…´ Napoleon further asks Bertrand to give differing amounts of money to various individuals including Montholon, Marchand, St. Denis, Bertrand (receiving the greatest amount) and a few others, all of them the closest allies to Napoleon in his final years. The Emperor further states `You will keep my silverware, my weapons, my porcelain, my books…..for my son…´ further instructing `I will give you a letter this evening…with my instructions for the fund investment of a sum of 6.000.000, keep all this in order to be able to return them to me if it is convenient to me.´ Bertrand adds `2nd August Signed Nap. Written to the envelope To Count Bertrand, my grand Marshal…. Attached to a parcel stamped with 2 seals with coat of arms of the Emperor with the written text This is my will, written in my hand signed Napoleon…´ Marshal Bertrand adds `The Emperor gave me in the evening a parcel…. on which was written.. Bertrand will keep at my disposal or will open after my death.´ To the second page Bertrand adds an annotation, dated 12th December 1820, giving some more details about the instructions received from the Emperor. An extremely interesting historical document in the hand of Napoleon´s closest General in his last years at St Helena. Very small overall minor age wear with one crease to bottom left corner, otherwise VG The original copy of this first draft of Napoleon’s Last Will and Testament was burned, together with other documents, by Bertrand and Marchand in the afternoon of 19th April 1821 following Napoleon´s orders as his final, and more commonly quoted, Last Will and Testament had been completed.                                   Charles Tristan, Marquis de Montholon (1783-1853) French General during the Napoleonic Wars. He chose to go into exile on St. Helena with Napoleon I after the Emperor´s second abdication. Louis Joseph Narcisse Marchand (1791-1876) Count of the first Empire. Marchand was “Valet de chambre”of the Emperor, also during his captivity in St. Helena. Alongside Bertrand and Montholon, he was one of the three executors of Napoleon’s Last Will and Testament. Louis Etienne Saint-Denis (1788-1856) called by Napoleon Mameluke Ali his “French-born servant”. Napoleon required him to dress in the style of the Mamelukes. Saint-Denis went to Russia with Napoleon, joined Napoleon on Elba, returned to France for the “Hundred Days,” and accompanied Napoleon into exile on St. Helena, where he served as second valet and as Napoleon’s librarian. Saint-Denis was born at Versailles, where his father served King Louis XVI as an overseer of the royal stables. The Mamelukes were the slave horsemen of the Ottoman Empire. They became the rulers of Egypt. Napoleon was impressed by the Mamelukes’ courage and fighting skills. He formed a special Mameluke corps in the French army.

CATHOLIC MONARCHS: ISABELLA I OF CASTILE (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504 & FERDINAND II OF ARAGON (1452-1516) King of Aragon 1479-1516 & as Ferdinand V King of Castile 1475-1504. Known as the Catholic Monarchs, they ruled jointly over the Kingdoms of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Sicily 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. Very rare set of thirty manuscript pages of historical interest for the city of Madrid, including two Ls.S., the first signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´, one page, oblong small 4to, Valladolid, 29th December 1476, to Juan de Lujan; and the second individually signed by the Queen and the King `Yo la Reyna´ and `Yo el Rey´, one page, oblong 4to, Madrid, 9th April 1477, in old Castilian. In the first letter, signed by Isabella I of Castile, the Queen orders Juan de Lujan to meet Diego de Villa Nuño who will inform him about the good services he will be requested to achieve. In the second letter, the Catholic Monarchs appoint Juan de Lujan Knight of their Royal order with a very important anual allowance of 40.000 maravedis, and a reward of 15.000 maravedis of perpetual income, and in both cases for the important services to the Crown. The letters refer to the very important historical events occured in Madrid, when Joanna la Beltraneja, claimant to the throne of Castile, disputed Madrid to Isabella of Castile. The Catholic Monarchs paid Juan de Lujan and appointed him Knight when he betrayed Joanna la Beltraneja, leaving her military forces and joining the Duke of the Infantado who was commanding the Catholic Monarchs troops. After such betrayal, Madrid falled and was taken by Isabella and Fernando. The set includes documents related to the genealogical tree of the Lujan family of Madrid. Also including an autograph letter by Diego de Villa Nuño addressed to Juan de Lujan, requesting him on behalf of His Majesties to put himself at the orders of the Duke of the Infantado, who will explain to him what Good services he is expected to achieve. Also including copies of the wills of Juan de Lujan dated 1495, Rodrigo de Lujan 1546, Catalina de Lujan 1568, Maria de Lujan 1563 and Catalina de Lujan 1593. A set of exceptionally interesting historical content. The two main documents neatly stitched to the page and the entire contents stitched together at the left edge and the whole bound in vellum (largely detached at the spine). Some overall age wear, a few neat splits to the edges of some pages, and old water staining affecting the majority of the pages to varying degrees, the text however remaining completely legible. The vellum covers a little warped and the front with heavy staining, largely obscuring the original manuscript title, and with remnants of the original burgundy ribbons. GDiego Hurtado de Mendoza y Figueroa (1417-1479) Spanish Noble. 1st Duke of the Infantado. The title  was awarded to him by the Catholic Monarchs, Fernando II de Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, on 22 July 1475. This was one of the most important duchies in Spain Joanna la Beltraneja (1462.1530) Queen of Portugal 1475-81 as spouse of King Alfonso V, who was her uncle. Claimant to the throne of Castile. When her father Henry IV of Castile, although disputed, died, began the four-year War of the Castilian Succession. Joanna was supported by the King of Portugal and by the high Castilian nobility, and by descendants of Portugueses, including Archbishops and Dukes. On the other side Isabella was supported by Derdinand of Aragon, whom she married, and by mosto f Castilian nobility and clergy. In 1478 the marriage of Joanna and Afonso V was annulled by Pope Sixtus IV on grounds of consanguinity, ending her tenure as Queen of Portugal. She was also forced to renounce the title of Queen of Castile.In 1479, Alfonso renounced his pretension to the Castilian Crown and signed a treaty with Isabella and Ferdinand. Joanna was given a choice, either enter a convent, or marry Isabella's one-year-old son Juan when he came of age and if he then consented. Joanna chose to enter the Convent of Santa Clara in Coimbra, and the ceremony was witnessed by Isabella, who praised her decision. The present historical events are referred to in the work “La conquista de Madrid por el Duque del Infantado en 1476” by Carlos Saez and Salvador Cortes, volume II, pages 339 to 342, published by Al-Hayara editors.The Palace of Lujan still exists in the old Madrid and is a historical location that can be visited.

ISABELLA I OF CASTILE: (1451-1504) Queen of Castile 1474-1504. Catholic Monarch who ruled jointly with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon as The Catholic Monarchs 1475-1504. They are recognized for laying the foundations for the political unification of Spain, and also for completing the Reconquista as well as their support and financing of Christopher Columbus´ voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the New World. An exceptional manuscript letter, dated in 1483, signed by the Queen `Yo la Reyna´ ("I the Queen"), one page, oblong 4to, Miranda de Ebro, 2nd September 1483, to Sancho de Vergara, in old Castilian. The document bears at the heading the written text `The Queen´, stating below `Sancho de Vergara, I have discussed with Johan de Luxan, Knight of my Household, certain matters that he will share with you on my behalf. I do beg and trust you to fully believe him. Given at the town of Miranda de Ebro, 2nd of September 1483´. Countersigned at the base by Fernando Alvarez `As ordered by the Queen´. With a registration annotation to the verso, referring to the order given by the Queen and the matter related, being a lawsuit regarding property in the town of Corella, in Navarra. Only four months prior to our letter´s date, Castilian forces captured the last ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada, Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil, at the battle of Lucena. Overall age wear, with very slightly irregular edges, and very small toning, otherwise G

DE CAUMONT ANTOINE NOMPAR: (1632-1723) Duke of Lauzun. French Courtier and Soldier, the only love interest of 'the greatest heiress in Europe', Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, Duchess of Montpensier. D.S., Antonein Nompar de Caumont, duc de Lauzun, one page (vellum), oblong 8vo, n.p., 4th June n.y. (1662?), in French. The manuscript document is a receipt in which the Duke of Lauzun acknowledges a payment of 3750 livres in relation to a rental. Countersigned by two individuals and with an official circular blank ink stamp to the upper edge featuring a coat of arms. Some very minor age wear and light creasing, otherwise VG Antoine Nompar de Caumont, whose ugliness seems to have exercised a certain fascination over many women, was due to marry the Duchess of Montpensier on 21st December 1670, however just days before her cousin, King Louis XIV, forbade the union. 

LOUISE OF ORLEANS: (1812-1850) First Queen of the Belgians as second wife of King Leopold I. Daughter of King of the French Louis Philippe I. Attractive manuscript autograph signed `Louise´, one page, oblong 8vo, Joinville, 4th May 1831, in English. The manuscript document being a cleanly written poem by the young Princess who copies nine lines of a Samuel Rogers´ work Italy, stating in English `Health and Strength be thine - In thy long travel! May no Sun beam strike - ….. And there is one, or am much deceived -  One thou hast named, who will not be the last.´ Given by the Princess as a present to the city of Joinville the day before leaving. Louise of Orleans died of tuberculosis at the early age of 38. About VG Samuel Rogers (1763-1855) English Poet. One of the most celebrated during his lifetime.

CHRISTIAN VII: (1749-1808) King of Denmark and Norway 1766-1808. D.S., Christian, as King, two pages, folio, Copenhagen, 10th December 1772. The manuscript document is untranslated although apparently relates to the Bishopric of Christiania (i.e. Diocese of Oslo) and features the names of Diderik Otto von Grambow (1732-1773; Norwegian Judge) and Frederik Nannestad (1693-1774; Norwegian Theologian, Author & Bishop). With a blind embossed paper seal affixed and also with an oval engraving of the King affixed at a later date. A few tears and minor paper chips to the upper edge, about VG

GUNTHER ANTON: (1583-1667) German Imperial Count, Count of Oldenburg 1603-67 and Count of Delmenhorst 1647-67. Two oblong 8vo portions neatly removed from a manuscript document, one bearing the signature of Gunther alongside a good dark red wax seal, dated at Oldenburg, 10th June 1650. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a 4to sheet and accompanied by several related newspaper clippings and a collector's brief biography etc. About VG

ERNST II: (1745-1804) Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1772-1804. D.S., as reigning Duke, one page, folio, Gotha, 24th June 1799, in German. The manuscript document is addressed to the Duke's Chamber Councils and regards the inheritance of the spouse of Lotze zu Rada. With integral address leaf (small area of the lower edge neatly excised) and bearing a good red wax seal. VG 

FREDERICK WILLIAM: (1771-1815) German Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel and Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg and Oels. The Prince, known as The Black Duke, served as a military officer who led the Black Brunswickers against French domination in Germany. D.S., at the foot, one page, folio, 26th April 1815, in German. The untranslated manuscript document is a patent relating to Friedrich Stutzer. With a blind embossed seal and blank integral leaf. About VG 

WILHELM I: (1797-1888) King of Prussia 1861-88 and the first German Emperor 1871-88. D.S., Wilhelm, three pages, folio, Berlin, 14th March 1885, in German. The manuscript document relates to a Patent dated 5th October 1883 for Colonel Ernst v. Twardowski, Commander of the 1st Bodyguard Grenadier Regiment of Baden. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a card. Some light age wear, VG 

WILHELM II: (1859-1941) German Emperor & King of Prussia 1888-1918. D.S., Wilhelm R, three pages, folio, Muncheberg, 19th September 1888, in German. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript relates to a Patent for Lieutenant-Colonel von Podbielski, Commander of the 3rd Hussars regiment of Brandenburg. With a blind embossed seal. Lightly tipped at the left edge to a card. VG

FREDERICK: (1763-1827) Duke of York and Albany, son of King George III. Commander-in-Chief of the Forces 1795-1809. D.S., Frederick FM, one page (vellum), oblong folio, n.p., 25th July 1797. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing Scheider to be a Cornet in Hompesch's Chasseurs a Cheval. Signed by the Duke of York at the foot and countersigned by his two military secretaries Robert Brownrigg (1758-1833) British General who served as Governor of British Ceylon 1812-20, and Captain Edwin Hewgill (c.1761-1809). Some light overall age wear, about VG The Hompesch Hussars were an auxiliary French regiment of the British Army formed during the French Revolutionary Wars as part of the Armee des Emigres.  

GEORGE IV: (1762-1830) King of the United Kingdom 1820-30. D.S., George R, as King, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, Court at Carlton House, 25th March 1824. The partially printed document, completed in manuscript, is a military commission appointing John Austin to be a Major of the 97th Regiment of Foot commanded by Major General Sir James Lyon. Countersigned at the foot by Robert Peel (1788-1850) British Prime Minister 1834-35, 1841-46, who also served as Home Secretary 1822-27, 1828-30. With blind embossed paper seal affixed. Some very light, extremely minor mottling and a few minor traces of former mounting to the verso, VG

VICTORIA: (1819-1901) Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain & Ireland 1837-1901.Autograph document wrapper signed ('The Queen'), addressed to the Lord Chancellor. Also with the Lord Chancellor's manuscript address, 'For the Queen, The Chancellor'. With a Gloucestershire Records Office stamp and ink reference and three small spindle holes to the centre. VG

MAHMUD II: (1785-1839) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1808-39. A large folio (20.5 x 29) manuscript document bearing the signature of Mahmud II, the text formed of over twelve lines of untranslated Ottoman Turkish. Some light overall foxing and wear to the faults, resulting in several small holes. About G 

BACARDI EMILIO: (1844-1922) Emilio Bacardi Moreau. Cuban Industrialist and Politician. Bacardi managed the Bacardi Rum Company and served as the first democratically elected Mayor of Santiago de Cuba. He was nicknamed “Cuba´s foremost son”. T.L.S., Emilio Bacardi, signed twice, to both pages, two pages, 4to, Santiago de Cuba, 15th March 1902, on the Santiago de Cuba Town Hall printed stationery, to the Municipality Doctor Antonio Reyes Zamora, in Spanish. The typed letter states `Please go to Mr. Luis Artigas´ home and inform me about his health situation´. Signed by Bacardi in his capacity as Mayor of Santiago. Beneath his signature the document bears a four lines annotation in the hand of the doctor, explaining that Mr. Artigas was absent, and according to the neighbour he is fine now. At the base of the front page and to the verso bearing a second manuscript annotation in the hand of a Town Hall clerk, stating `According to the previous report, and considering that Mr. Artigas do not attend his office post for more than a month, we declare him unemployed until the Town Hall authority will resolve.´ Signed by Bacardi at the base a second time. Also bearing two Santiago Town Hall ink stamps. Paper with watermark showing a coat of arms above the word Cuba. Few very small tears to the bottom edge, with left edge trimmed with small pinholes as a result of former filing. G Emilio´s father, Facundo Bacardi, founded in 1862 the Bacardi Rum Company. Although Facundo went into bankruptcy, his elder son Emilio upon his return from Spain where he received literary and political instruction, started occupying an important role in the company. Over the 1870s to 1890s years Emilio became a business magnate as well as a subversive political activist. In 1877 he became President of the company which continued to grow under his leadership. Emilio Bacardi was repeatedly arrested and imprisoned for helping rebels and for his resistance against the Spanish Empire occupancy of Cuba. Emilio´s reputation distinguished him as an honest public server. The Bacardi company kept on growing into today´s International Corporation, Bacardi Limited.

KORNGOLD ERICH WOLFGANG: (1897-1957) Austro-Hungarian born American Composer, Academy Award winner. Small A.M.Q.S., ´Erich Wolfgang Korngold´, in pencil, one page, to a 6 x 5 page removed from an autograph album, Vienna, [December 1948?]. Korngold has penned a rather hurried one bar autograph manuscript quotation which he identifies as from his Opera Violanta (1916). VG 

ROSSINI GIOACHINO: (1792-1868) Italian Composer. Rare A.M.Q.S., Gioachino Rossini, one page, oblong folio manuscript paper, Florence, 3rd June 1853. In bold dark fountain pen ink, Rossini has neatly penned a quotation for piano forte comprising ten bars of music across two staves, with small annotations, which he identifies as A[ndanti]no. Signed and dated by the composer immediately beneath the quotation. The document bears a watermark. Some light creasing and minor overall age wear, VG

PONCHIELLI AMILCARE: (1834-1886) Italian Composer. Best remembered for his opera La Gioconda (1876) based on a play by Victor Hugo. An exceptional and rare M.S., `Ponchielli´, seven pages, oblong folio (12 x 9) stave paper, n.p., n.d. Signed by Ponchielli to the heading of the front page. The full autograph working manuscript is in the hand of Ponchielli and corresponds to the complete score of his work Dio Amore as he entitles to the heading. He also annotates to the front page heading `Parole di Silvio Pellico´ (“Words by Silvio Pellico”). Ponchielli has penned over 90 bars of music, on three staves, adding tempos alongside and the Romanza voice text beneath the musical notes, bearing also multiple annotations, crossed words and amendments. Attractively bound within modern decorative boards featuring sea horses and with a gilt stamped leather title to the front. Small overall minor age wear and staining otherwise VG Dio Amore! is a work for choir and pianoforte by Ponchielli, opus 277. Musical critics have widely commented about this Romanza that it highlights the innate sense of Ponchielli's theatre as well as his uncommon lyrical vein.Silvio Pellico (1789-1854) Italian Writer, Poet and Patriot active in the Italian unification.

Orwell [George]: Nineteen Eighty-Four The Facsimile of the Extant Manuscript, edited by Peter Davison, pub Secker & Warburg, London, 1984, dj; The Best of Punch Cartoons, six titles by John Betjeman, Ronald Searle and Lawson Wood satirical humour books. (17)

Osteology.- Albinus (Bernhard Siegfried) Icones ossium foetus humani. Accedit osteogeniæ brevis historia, first edition, 32 engraved plates by Jan Wandelaar, title in red & black, Leiden, Verbeek, 1737; Index supellectillis anatomicae, Leiden, Mullhovium & Schuyl, 1725, together 2 works in 1, very light occasional spotting or browning, contemporary Dutch vellum, manuscript lettering to spine, light marking or spotting to covers, 4to.⁂ First edition of this classic work on osteology. Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) was a German-born Dutch anatomist, particularly known for his descriptions of the bones, illustrated in the work with great detail. Bound together with Albinus' Index, a list of the anatomical instruments which the very learned Johannes Jacobus Rau bequeathed to the Batavian Academy at Leiden.

Ridley (Mark) A Short Treatise of Magneticall Bodies and Motions, first edition, second issue with X3 cancelled and containing errata, with first and last blanks, engraved architectural title by Elstrack showing planets and scientific instruments, engraved portrait on a4v, woodcut initials, head-pieces and printer's device at end, 21 engraved and one woodcut diagrams and illustrations, some full-page, one with volvelle (pasted down), damp-stained throughout with purple mildew but stabilised and restored, a few minor tears and repairs (mostly marginal), resewn and recased in old vellum wrapper (part of a contemporary manuscript indenture), also stained, [Honeyman VI 2649; Sabin 71297; STC 21045.5], small 4to, Nicholas Okes, 1613.⁂ An important work in the history of experimental science in England, and the most important work on magnetism after William Gilbert's De magnete. "Ridley gives directions for carrying out experiments on the lodestone, magnet, and terrella. He includes numerous engravings and descriptions of his improved instruments for determining the declination of the magnetic needle and for making use of the inclinatory needle for finding position at sea" (ODNB). There is also a map showing New England, Virginia, and Terra Australis.

Reptiles.- Topsell (Edward) The History of Serpents, woodcut title vignette of a child being swallowed by a boa, woodcut illustrations, reinforced at inner edge and with manuscript alteration pasted over part of title, some light soiling or browning, a few stains, small hole to Nnn4 with loss of a couple of letters and affecting woodcut of crocodile, Ttt3 with small portion lacking from upper margin with loss to head-line, a few minor marginal tears and repairs, old ink inscriptions to front free endpaper, modern half calf, [Nissen 4147; Wing G624], folio, by E. Cotes, 1658.⁂ The second part only (of 3, pp.591-818) of Topsell's The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents of 1658 (second edition), with its own separate title but amended in manuscript to read "...Or, The Book of living Creatures" instead of "...Or, The second book of living Creatures". It covers bees & wasps, chameleons, crocodiles, dragons, frogs & toads, lizards, scorpions, spiders, and tortoises as well as snakes.

Music.- Blanchet (Armand François Nicolas) Méthode Abrégée pour Accorder le Clavecin et le Forte-Piano, 13pp., first edition, title with woodcut ornament and author's address supplied in manuscript with printed address on verso crossed out, 2 folding engraved plates of keyboards, stitched, 8vo, Paris, Lacloye, 1801.⁂ Early manual dealing with harpsichord and piano tuning. The first plate shows the keyboard of both instruments, the second the piano wrest plank strung with steel and copper. The Blanchet family had been harpsichord makers since the end of the seventeenth century, becoming makers of the King's harpsichords in the 1750s; they also produced some of the first pianos to be made in Paris. Library Hub lists only 3 UK copies (BL, Senate House Library, and University of Edinburgh).

Economics.- Necker (Jacques) A very good sammelband of c.60 printed works, a manuscript, and engraved plates by or relating to Necker, including Necker (Jacques) Compte rendu au roi...Au mois de Janvier 1781. Imprimé par ordre de sa Majesté, engraved folding frontispiece and a plate ('Allégorie du Compte rendu au Roi par N.Necker en 1781'), 2 folding hand-coloured engraved maps, folding letterpress table, frontispiece and plate trimmed within image, the former with split at fold, 1776-1781; [Reply to a Remonstrance], manuscript in French, 18pp., closely trimmed at head, [late 18th century]; and Hospice de Charité, title and woodcut royal arms within woodcut borders, woodcut head- and tail-pieces, Paris, Royal Printers, 1780, some spotting, light staining and browning, modern calf, gilt, spine in compartments and with burgundy leather label, 4to

Type Specimen.- Thieme (Carl Albert) Letterproef der Boekdukkery, only edition, 43 plates of specimens of type, scripts, music, ornaments, numbers, symbols, coats-of-arms, vignettes, and masonic decorations, contemporary ink signature "L.H.Eberson" to title, original printed boards with decorative border, title on upper cover, printing press on lower, spine lettered in manuscript, rubbed, joints a little worn, [Not in Bigmore & Wyman], folio, Arnhem, 1830.⁂ Rare printer's type specimen showing the range of types and ornaments in a Dutch printing house in the early nineteenth century. The firm was founded by Herman Carel Anton Thieme of Wesel in Germany in 1792, and was continued by his four sons in Arnhem and Zutphen. Carl Albert was his grandson and operated as a bookseller, printer and publisher. WorldCat records only 5 copies, all in the Netherlands.