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Julia Domna Æ31 of Isaura, Cilicia. AD 193-217. IOVΛIA ΔOMNA CEBAC, draped bust right / MHTPOΠOΛEΩC ICAVPΩN, Athena Promachos advancing right with spear and shield. SNG Levante 260; SNG France 491. 13.82g, 31mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine. Beautiful patina with perfect surfaces.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P AVG, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / ADVEN-TVS AVG, emperor, with right hand raised, holding spear over shoulder with left, on horse pawing seated captive to left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. Unpublished in the standard references, for obverse type cf. CT 7.01.018; RIC -. 3.24g, 22mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Rare.

Quietus BI Antoninianus. Antioch, AD 261-262. IMP C FVL QVIETVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, helmeted, wearing long dress and cloak, holding spear and Victory with wreath; star in left field. RIC 9; C. 11. 4.38g, 22mm, 5h. Good Very Fine.

Gallienus AR Antoninianus. Rome, AD 267-268. GALLIENVS P F AVG, cuirassed bust of Gallienus left, wearing crested helmet, holding spear over right shoulder, shield with aegis on left / P M TR POT C VII P P (sic?), Mars, wearing crested helmet and chlamys, and carrying spear and shield, descending right towards to Rhea Silvia, who reclines left, nude to waist, raising right hand above head. RIC -; RSC -; C. -; Göbl, MIR -, cf. 945-946 for reverse type with alternate legends. 2.91g, 20mm, 5h. About Extremely Fine. Apparently unique and unpublished. A beautiful coin combining a bold militaristic portrait engraved in fine style, with a classic scene from Roman mythology. This scene, while well attested in surviving Roman artwork, occurs only one other time in the entirety of the vast Roman coinage series, on an As of Antoninus Pius (see lot 822); a medallion of Faustina Senior, clearly not intended for monetary use, also bears the type, and was probably created around the same time.

Carausius BI Radiate. Rotomagus, October AD 286 - March 287. IMP[…] ASIV […] AVG, radiate and trabeate bust right / [VI]-R-TVS AVG, Mars standing left, holding Victory on globe and spear leaning on globe. Cf. RIC 696-8; Webb 787-8. 3.65g, 21mm, 6h. Very Fine. Metal flaw on obverse.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, with raised right hand, holding globe in left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.03.036; RIC 177. 4.65g, 23mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.

Marcus Aurelius AR Denarius. Rome, AD 163-164. ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS, laureate head right / P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III, Mars standing right, holding spear and resting left hand on shield. RIC 92; Cohen 469. 3.25g, 18mm, 6h. Mint State.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 1.93g, 17mm, 12h. Mint State.

Carausius BI Radiate. Rotomagus, October AD 286 - March 287. IMP C CARAVSIVS […], radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / PROVI-D-EN AVG, Providentia standing left, holding three ears of corn and transverse spear. Cf. RIC 655-6; Webb 727-9. 4.06g, 18mm, 6h. Good Very Fine.

Marcus Aurelius AV Aureus. Rome, AD 172. M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVI, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / IMP VI COS III, Marcus Aurelius in military dress standing to left, holding thunderbolt in his right hand and reversed spear in his left; behind him stands Victory, who crowns him with a wreath held in her right hand, and holds a palm with her left; between them, pellet. Biaggi 856; BMC 566; C. 308; Foss 46; RIC 264; Sear II 4860; Calicó 1873. 7.19g, 20mm, 6h. Near Mint State. Very Rare. Ex D. J. Foster Collection, Noble Numismatics 109, 28 July 2015, lot 3513; Ex Spink Noble 40, 18-20 November 1992, lot 2613; The image of the emperor on the reverse of this coin is not only unusual, but also historically very interesting. Aurelius has here assumed the symbols of Jupiter, holding a thunderbolt and spear while Victory crowns him with laurels; we should interpret this image as representing the close connection between the supreme god Jupiter and the person of the emperor who was not only the head of state but also the pontifex maximus. Yet the dating of this issue seems to precede two important events that occurred across the Danube in the campaign of 172-4: namely, the 'lightning miracle' and the 'rain miracle', which two incidents are recorded on the column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome. The Historia Augusta (Marcus 24.2) tells us that in the case of the 'lightning miracle' the emperor 'summoned a thunderbolt from heaven against a siege-engine of the enemy by means of his prayers' - the column clearly shows a stone enclosure filled with Romans, and outside a siege tower struck by a bolt of lightning that has burst into flames. The second and more important of the two events, the 'rain miracle' as related by Cassius Dio, describes how the Legio XII Fulminata was surrounded and entangled in a defile, suffering from thirst, and almost forced to surrender. A sudden storm then gave abundance of rain which refreshed the Romans, while hail and thunder confounded their enemies who were struck down by bolts of lightning. Thus the Romans were able to achieve a near bloodless victory. This was considered for a long time afterwards to have been a miracle and nothing less than divine intervention by Jupiter on behalf of the Romans. That the issue pre-dates the rain miracle seems relatively certain, since it is well attested that Aurelius' seventh acclamation as Imperator occurred in the immediate aftermath of this event. The depiction then of Aurelius on the reverse of this coin, wielding the power of Jupiter, seems curiously prophetic.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.15g, 17mm, 11h. Mint State.

Kings of Thrace, Lysimachos AR Tetradrachm. Lampsakos, circa 297-281 BC. Head of the deified Alexander the Great right, wearing diadem and horn of Ammon / Athena Nikephoros enthroned left, shield decorated with Medusa’s head resting against base of throne, below which star, spear resting behind; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ to right, ΛΥΣΙΜΑΞΟΥ to left, torch to inner left. Thompson 43; Müller 381; SNG France 2538-9. 17.07g, 29mm, 11h. Good Very Fine. Beautiful style.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.08g, 18mm, 7h. Mint State.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.20g, 17mm, 6h. Mint State.

Carausius BI Radiate. London, March AD 287 - October 288. IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTV-S AVG, Virtus standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield; C in exergue. RIC 438; Webb 485. 5.31, 23mm, 7h. Very Fine.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P AVG, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, with raised right hand, holding globe in left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.03.041; RIC -. 3.79g, 23mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Rare.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield decorated with head of Medusa / CONCO-R-D MILIT, Concordia standing slightly left, holding signum in each hand; star in right field, PLN in exergue. Cf. CT 7.04.024; RIC 203. 3.84g, 23mm, 5h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare.

Carausius BI Radiate. London, no mintmark, AD 287-290. IMP CARAVSIVS P I AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIR-TVS AVG, Virus advancing right, holding spear and trophy. RIC 1046; Webb 1180. 4.01g, 21mm, 7h. Good Very Fine. Rare.

L. Procilius AR Serrate Denarius. Rome, 80 BC. Head of Juno Sospita right, wearing goat-skin headdress; S•C behind / Juno Sospita, holding spear and shield, in biga right; serpent below, L•PROCILI•F in exergue. Crawford 379/2; Sydenham 772; Procilia 2. 3.83g, 19mm, 1h. Good Very Fine.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding forward pointing spear and shield / CONCO-R-D MILIT, Concordia standing slightly left, holding signum in each hand; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.04.013; RIC 195. 3.88g, 24mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Very Rare.

Kushan Empire, Huvishka AV Dinar. Circa AD 152-192. Mint I (A). Nimbate, diademed, and crowned half-length bust facing, head left, on clouds, holding mace-sceptre and filleted spear over shoulder / APΔOXÞO, Ardoxsho standing right, holding cornucopia; tamgha to right. MK 219. 7.88g, 21mm, 11h. Extremely Fine.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 1.91g, 18mm, 12h. Mint State.

Elagabalus AV Aureus. Rome, AD 218-219. IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / FIDES MILITVM, laureate figure of Elagabalus standing right, dressed in military attire and holding transverse spear, flanked by a soldier carrying standard and shield to right and a second soldier holding a standard topped by a hand behind; a third standard in the background. RIC 76d; BMCRE 16 note; C. 42; Calicó 2994. 7.26g, 21mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare. Ex Numismatik Lanz 58, 21 November 1991, lot 743. An incredibly unlikely emperor of no proven ability or wisdom, Elagabalus' rise to power was due to the persistence of his vengeful grandmother, Julia Maesa, sister to Julia Domna and sister in law to Septimius Severus. Having been exiled to Syria with her children and grandchildren by Macrinus in order that they not cause trouble at his accession, she plotted to have him assassinated and promote Elagabalus to the throne in revenge for the murder of Caracalla and the usurpation of the Severan line. Using her wealth and influence, and in combination with a public statement that Elagabalus was Caracalla's illegitimate child, she gained the backing of various Senators and soldiers who were loyal to the deceased emperor. Having achieved the allegiance of the Third Legion at Raphana, it took but little encouragement for Elagabalus to be declared emperor by the army in AD 218. Accepting the purple at the tender age of fourteen, Elagabalus took the formal name of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, reaffirming the fabricated story that he was the illegitimate son of Caracalla and thus the true heir. This reverse type was used to further secure Elagabalus' position as Emperor, calling as it does for 'the loyalty of the soldiers', but the strong military type seen here was struck before the young emperor had shown his real character traits of religious fanaticism and sexual perversion, interests which only surfaced after his arrival in Rome. The ancient sources spare no detail in their descriptions of life in the Imperial palace of Elagabalus, aspects of which become evident on his later coinage.

Maximinus II, as Caesar, Æ Nummus. Antioch, circa AD 309-310. MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear over shoulder and shield decorated with battle scene: two horseman riding to left brandishing weapons, four infantrymen in combat below / VIRTVS EXERCITVS, Virtus standing left, holding spear and decorated shield set on ground; altar in left field, S to right, ANT in exergue. RIC 125. 6.47g, 25mm, 12h. Good Very Fine. Very Rare.

Trajan AV Aureus. Rome, circa AD 104/105-107. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Trajan in military dress, on horseback galloping to right, hurling spear at fallen barbarian to right. C. 501 var. (bust not cuirassed); BMC 245 (same); RIC 208 var. (same); CBN 241; Calicó 1107a; Woytek 202 f2. 7.29g, 20mm, 7h. Mint State. Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 21, 17 May 2001, lot 433. Trajan had in AD 101-102 launched an offensive against the powerful Dacian king Decebalus with whom Domitian had signed an unfavourable (and some would argue shameful) treaty some twenty years before, the price of which was the payment of an annual ‘subsidy’ of eight million sestertii and the presentation of a diadem from Domitian to Decebalus. In that war, Trajan succeeded in defeating the Dacians in a series of pitched battles, and reduced Decebalus to the status of client king. The victory was celebrated with a triumph (Trajan’s first), and later by the construction of the Tropaeum Traiani. Although this victory had greatly eroded Decebalus’ power, he nonetheless began to rearm straight away, to harbour Roman runaways and to pressure the neighbouring barbarian tribes to ally themselves with him. In 104 he organised a failed attempt on Trajan’s life by means of some Roman deserters, as well as capturing Trajan’s legate Longinus who he tried to use as a bargaining chip; Longinus however took poison to avoid compromising his country and emperor. Then finally in 105 Decebalus launched an invasion of the Roman-held territories north of the Danube. Trajan was not unprepared; by 105 the concentration of Roman troops assembled in the middle and lower Danube regions amounted to fourteen legions – half of the entire Roman army. Trajan ordered the construction of a massive bridge over the Danube designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, which for over 1,000 years was the longest arch bridge ever built both in terms of total and span length. The counter-offensive consisted mostly of the reduction of the Dacian fortress network which the Romans systematically stormed while denying the Dacians the ability to manoeuvre in the open. At last Decebalus’ main stronghold of Sarmizegetusa was taken by storm and razed to the ground. Decebalus himself escaped, but soon after committed suicide as a Roman cavalry scout named Tiberius Claudius Maximus was closing on him. Maximus delivered the head and right hand of the enemy king to his emperor. Trajan’s second triumph was understandably a grand affair, which was accompanied by spectacular games that the emperor held in celebration: ten thousand gladiators fought in these games, and ten thousand animals were sacrificed in thanks to the gods. The riches of Dacia (estimated recently at 165 tons of gold and 331 tons of silver) were invested in a series of important public works, the jewels of which were the forum and great market in Rome which bore the emperor’s name, and the magnificent celebratory column depicting the glorious achievements of the campaign. As reward for his service the cavalry scout Tiberius Claudius Maximus was decorated and immortalised in a relief on Trajan’s column. A grave stele he ordered made for himself while he lived tells us of his deeds and honours, and bears his likeness on horseback, riding down the Dacian king. The relief is nearly identical to the reverse of this coin type.

Septimius Severus AV Aureus. Rome, AD 193-194. IMP CAE•L•SEP• SEV•PERT•AVG, laureate head right / VIRT•AVG TR P•COS, Virtus standing left, holding Victory and reversed spear. RIC 24; Calicó 2570; BMCRE 32; Biaggi 1114. 7.27g, 19mm, 12h. Mint State. A stunning example. Struck as part of the first issue to be produced for Septimius Severus in AD 193, the reverse type of the present piece is understandably military in flavour. Following the assassination of Commodus, and the swift removal of his successor Pertinax by the Praetorian Guard, Severus was still challenged by three rival claimants to the throne: Didius Julianus, whom Herodian (ii.6.4) tells us bought the emperorship at an auction organised by the Praetorian Guard; Pescennius Niger in Syria, whose legions had proclaimed him emperor; and the powerful governor of Britannia, Clodius Albinus. Condemned to death by the Senate, Julianus posed no threat to Severus and he was able to enter Rome unopposed, an event likely the specific catalyst for this reverse type where Severus is hailed as the ‘Virtuous (or Courageous) Emperor’. Securing his power-base in Rome and keeping Albinus closely allied by raising him to the rank of Caesar, Severus travelled to the East to quell the revolt led by the other claimant Niger and routed his army at the Battle of Issus. However once back in Rome, and having proclaimed his son Caracalla his successor, Albinus’ troops revolted and declared their leader emperor: meeting Albinus’ army near Lugdunum in 197, a great battle ensued after which, with Albinus dead and his army defeated, Severus had cemented his control over the whole Empire.

Caracalla AV Aureus. Rome, AD 205. ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / PONTIF TR P VIII COS II, Mars standing left, right foot on helmet, holding olive branch and reversed spear. RIC 80a; BMC 476; C. 419; Calicó 2777. 7.16g, 20mm, 5h. Fleur De Coin. A bold portrait, struck on a broad flan. Lustrous metal and perfect surfaces. Rare. From the Getrudenstrasse hoard found in Cologne in 1909.

Octavian AR Denarius. Italian mint (Rome?), autumn 32 - summer 31 BC. Head of Pax right, wearing stephane; olive branch before, cornucopiae behind / Octavian, in military attire, advancing right, raising right hand and holding spear over left shoulder; CAESAR DIVI•F across fields. RIC 253; CRI 400; RSC 72; BMCRE 611, 613-4 = BMCRR 4329, 4331-2; BN 6-11. 4.06g, 19mm, 10h. Near Mint State. Lustrous.

Nero Æ Quadrans. Rome, circa AD 64. NERO CLAV CAE AVG GER, crested helmet right on column, round shield decorated with Gorgoneion to right, transverse spear behind / P M TR P IMP P P, laurel branch. RIC 255; BMCRE 294. 2.14g, 16mm, 6h. Extremely Fine.

Vabalathus Æ Antoninianus. Antioch, March-May AD 272. IM C VHABALATHVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VENVS AVG, Venus standing left, holding helmet and transverse spear, leaning on shield behind her; star to left. RIC 5 corr. (bust type); BN 1266; MIR 47, 361a. 3.31g, 23mm, 11h. Near Extremely Fine. Very Rare.

Carausius BI Radiate. London, no mintmark, AD 287-290. IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIR-TVS, Virus standing right, holding spear and leaning on shield. RIC 1042; Webb 1179. 4.41g, 22mm, 1h. Very Fine. Rare. Ex Blackmoor Hoard.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Mediolanum, circa AD 387-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and reversed spear; MDPS in exergue. RIC 19a; RSC 20c. 1.53g, 17mm, 6h. Good Extremely Fine.

Octavian AR Denarius. Italian mint (Rome?), autumn 32 - summer 31 BC. Head of Venus right, wearing stephane, earring and necklace / Octavian, in military attire and with cloak billowing out behind, advancing left, extending right hand and cradling spear in left arm; CAESAR DIVI•F across fields. RIC 251; CRI 397; RSC 70; BMCRE 609-10 = BMCRR Rome 4327-8; BN 1-4. 3.74g, 21mm, 3h. Near Mint State; light weakness in the die. Sound, lustrous metal. Struck on a very broad flan, displaying full borders.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa late AD 309. IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / MARTI CO-N-SERVATORI, Mars in military dress, standing right, holding spear and shield; PLN in exergue. Unpublished in the standard references, for general type cf. CT 6.01.001-2 and RIC 107. 3.36g, 21mm, 6h. Extremely Fine/Very Fine. Extremely Rare.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 1.89g, 18mm, 12h. Mint State.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS A-VG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield decorated with Victory holding wreath and palm branch / COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, with raised right hand, holding globe in left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.03.058; RIC 66-66a. 4.44g, 23mm, 5h. Very Fine. Rare.

Zeno AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 474-475. D N ZENO PERP AVG, diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield decorated with horseman / VICTORIA AVGGG B, angel standing left, holding long cross; star in right field, CONOB in exergue. RIC 910 and 929; Depeyrot 108/1. 4.49g, 20mm, 6h. Near Extremely Fine.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.22g, 18mm, 6h. Mint State.

Zeno AV Solidus. Constantinople, AD 474-475. D N ZENO PERP AVG, diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield decorated with horseman / VICTORIA AVGGG I, angel standing left, holding long cross; star in right field, CONOB in exergue. RIC 910 and 929; Depeyrot 108/1. 4.49g, 19mm, 5h. Near Mint State.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS A-VG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and studded shield / COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, with raised right hand, holding globe in left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.03.049 var; RIC 186 var. 3.30g, 25mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Very Rare.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 312-313. CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / ROMAE RESTITVTAE, Roma seated left, holding branch and globe; star in left field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.12.007; RIC -. 5.05g, 23mm, 4h. Extremely Fine. Very Rare.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P AV-G, diademed, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield decorated with central boss / CONCO-R-D MILIT, Concordia standing slightly left, holding signum in each hand; star in right field, PLN in exergue. Cf. CT 7.04.024 (3); RIC 203. 3.68g, 23mm, 6h. Good Very Fine. Rare.

L. Hostilius Saserna AR Denarius. Rome, 48 BC. Bare head of Gallia right, wearing long, dishevelled hair; carnyx behind / Artemis (Diana) standing facing, laureate, wearing long hair falling down her shoulders and long flowing robes, holding spear in left hand and stag by its antlers in her right; L•HOSTILIVS SASERNA around. Crawford 448/3; RSC Hostilia 4. 3.76g, 19mm, 7h. Extremely Fine. Lustrous metal.

The Social War, Marsic Confederation AR Denarius. Corfinium, circa 89 BC. Laureate head of Italia right, X below chin / Italia seated left on pile of shields, holding spear and parazonium, crowned by Victory standing behind her; C in left field, ITALIA in exergue. Sydenham 624; Campana 106; RBW 1216; HN Italy 412b. 3.54g, 19mm, 11h. Very Fine. Very Rare.

Tiberius III AR Solidus. Constantinople, AD 698-705. D TIbERIVS PE AV, crowned and cuirassed bust facing, holding spear in right hand and shield over far shoulder / VICTORIA AVGY Δ, cross potent set on three steps; CONOB in exergue. DOC 1d; MIB 1; Sear 1360. 4.43g, 20mm, 7h. Near Mint State.

Eugenius AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 392-395. D N EVGENIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory on globe and reversed spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 106d; RSC 14a. 7.66g, 18mm, 12h. Near Mint State.

Ethnographica - Wooden bow, spear, arrows and a primitively constructed 'Duck' gun etc Condition:

Commemorative Series Æ Nummus. Struck under Constantius II and Constans in Rome, AD 348. ROMA, helmeted and draped bust of Roma right / Virtus standing facing in military attire, head right, holding spear and shield; P-R across fields. RIC 104; Vagi 3049. 2.42g, 16mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Earthen 'desert' patina. Rare, and in exceptional condition for the type.

Indo-Greek Kingdom, Menander I Soter AR Drachm. Circa 155-130 BC. Diademed bust left, wielding spear, aegis on shoulder; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ around / Athena standing right, hurling thunderbolt and holding shield; monogram in right field, Karosthi script around. Bopearachchi 3B; SNG ANS 686-690. 2.42g, 17mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine. Very Rare. From the estate of an English numismatist.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.12g, 18mm, 12h. Mint State.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.05g, 19mm, 7h. Near Mint State. Unusual brockage coin with re-struck reverse. Light iridescent tone.

Octavian AR Denarius. Italian mint (Rome?), autumn 30 - summer 29 BC. Laureate head right / Rostral column ornamented with two anchors and six beaks of galleys, surmounted by a statue of Octavian, naked but for cloak over left shoulder, holding spear in right hand and parazonium in left; IMP CAESAR across fields. RIC 271; CRI 423; RSC 124; BMCRE 633-6 = BMCRR Rome 4349-51; BN 68-71. 3.98g, 20mm, 4h. Fleur De Coin. One of the very finest surviving examples of this sought-after type.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield / PRICIPI IV-VENTVTIS, prince standing slightly left, holding globe and spear; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.07.013; RIC -. 4.07g, 23mm, 6h. Extremely Fine. Extremely Rare.

Carausius BI Radiate. London, March - October AD 289. IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG, radiate and draped bust right / VIRT-VS, Virtus standing right, holding long spear, facing Hercules standing left, holding club; S-P across fields, SMC in exergue. Unpublished in the standard references. 3.62g, 23mm, 6h. Very Fine. Extremely Rare.

Galerius, as Caesar, AV Quinarius. Rome, AD 298-299. D N MAXIMIANO CAES, laureate head right / PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, emperor standing right, holding transverse spear and globe; PROM in exergue. Roma Numismatics XII, 1014 (same dies); RIC -, cf. 9 for another gold quinarius of Galerius; Depeyrot -, cf. 10/2 for quinarius of Maximian with same reverse type. 3.05g, 17mm, 6h. Near Extremely Fine. One of just two known examples.

Magnus Maximus AR Siliqua. Treveri, AD 383-388. D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / VIRTVS ROMANORVM, Roma enthroned facing, head left, holding globe and spear; TRPS in exergue. RIC 84b; RSC 20a. 2.10g, 17mm, 6h. Mint State.

Achaemenid Kings of Persia AV Daric. Time of Darios I to Xerxes II, circa 485-420 BC. Persian Great King or hero, wearing kidaris and kandys, in kneeling-running attitude on exergual line to right, holding apple-tipped spear and strung bow; quiver over shoulder / Rectangular incuse punch. Carradice Type IIIb A/B. 8.41g, 15mm. Fleur De Coin. The ancient Greeks themselves believed that the term 'dareikos' was derived from the name of Darius the Great, an assessment that many modern scholars agree with. Others however have generally supposed that the Greek term can be traced back to old Persian 'dari' ("golden") and that it was first associated with the name of Darius only in later folk etymology. Both suppositions may be equally valid. While the Persians had not traditionally used coinage, Cyrus the Great had introduced it to the Persian empire with the conquest of the Lydian Kingdom in 546 BC. The Lydian coinage series featuring a confronted lion and bull type was continued at first, but under the reign of the third Great King, Darios I, the Lydian gold stater was converted into a type bearing the stylised image of the Persian ruler or a hero, a type which would last with little modification until the conquest of Persia by Alexander in the 330s BC. One of the principal motivating factors behind this institution of an official Persian currency was the requirement to pay Greek mercenaries, who were accustomed to receiving payment in coinage, or for official use as bribes and subsidies. Indeed, nothing demonstrates the power of the gold daric more succinctly than when Sparta was waging an increasingly successful war led by Agesilaos II against Persia in Asia Minor (398-395 BC). Unable to defeat the Spartan army, the satrap Pharnabazos sent an Asiatic Greek by the name of Timocrates of Rhodes to distribute ten thousand gold darics in the major cities of mainland Greece and thus incite them to war against Sparta. Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos quickly entered into conflict with Sparta, precipitating a messenger to be sent to Agesilaos ordering him to return to Greece. The recall was a bitter disappointment to Agesilaos, who wryly observed that “but for ten thousand 'archers', he would have vanquished all Asia”.

Constantine I BI Nummus. London, circa AD 311-312. CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right / ADVEN-TVS AVG, emperor, with right hand raised, holding spear over shoulder with left, on horse pawing seated captive to left; star in right field, PLN in exergue. CT 7.01.003; RIC 133. 4.67g, 22mm, 6h. Very Fine. Rare.

Anonymous AR Denarius. Rome, 115-114 BC. Helmeted head of Roma right, wearing winged and crested helmet; X behind, ROMA below / Roma, helmeted, seated right on two shields, holding spear before her; wolf standing right at her feet, head turned back, suckling Romulus and Remus; in left and right fields, two birds flying towards her. Crawford 287/1; Sydenham 530; Kestner 2478-81; BMC Italy 562-5; RSC (Anonymous) 176. 3.77g, 21mm, 10h. Good Extremely Fine. Pleasantly toned; an exceptional example. A notoriously difficult issue to find in good condition, this iconic reverse design portrays the Roman foundation myth in a new manner – showing the goddess Roma watching over the twins Romulus and Remus as they are suckled by the she-wolf, waiting for the day that Rome will be built. The contemporary popularity of the type is evidenced by its subsequent reproduction on the later coinage of Titus. (see Lot 799)

Theodosius II AV Solidus. Thessalonica, AD 408-420. D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear over shoulder and shield decorated with the motif of Victory holding spear with serpent before / CONCORDIA AVGG, Constantinopolis enthroned facing, head right, holding sceptre and Victory on globe; right foot on prow, star in left field, TESOB in exergue. RIC -, cf. 351, 353, 358 for similar type with different shield designs. 4.42g, 20mm, 5h. Near Mint State. An apparently unlisted and perhaps unique variety of this very rare issue, all of which are rated in RIC (nos. 348-360) as R3-R4.